Chapter 14- Mendel and Genetics Flashcards

15166169	Character	A heritable feature, such as a flower color.
15166170	Trait	Each variant for a character, suc as purple or white color for flowers.
15166171	True-Breeding	When plants self-pollinate, all their offspring are of the same variety.
15166172	Hybridization	The mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.
15166173	P Generation	The true-breeding parents.
15166174	F1 Generation	The hybrid offspring.
15166175	F2 Generation	The offspring of the self-polinating F1 Generation.
15166176	Alleles	Alternative versions of a gene.
15166177	Dominant Allele	The allele that is fully expressed in the organism's appearance.
15166178	Recessive Allele	The allele with no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance.
15166179	Law of Segregation	Mendel's first law, stating that allele pairs seperate during gamete formation, and then randomly re-form as pairs during the fusion of gametes at fertilzation.
15166180	Punnett Square	A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
15166181	Homozygous	An organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character.
15166182	Heterozygous	An organism having two different alleles for a gene.
15166183	Phenotype	An organism's traits
15166184	Genotype	An organism's genetic makeup.
15166185	Testcross	The breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype.
15166186	Monohybrids	The breeding experiments of a single character.
15166187	Dihybrids	The breeding experiements of two different characteristics.
15166188	Law of Independent Assortment	The independent segregation of each pair of alleles during gamete formation.
15166189	Incomplete Dominance	Where the F1 hybrids have an appearance somewhere in between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties.
15166190	Complete Dominance	The phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
15166191	Codominance	The two alleles affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways.
15166192	Pleiotropy	The ability of a gene to affect an organism in many ways.
15166193	Epistasis	A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression a gene at a second locus.
15166194	Quantitative Characters	A heritable feature in a population that varies continuously as a result of environmental influences and the additive effect of two or more genes (polygenic inheritance).
15166195	Polygenic Inheritance	An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.
15166196	Norm of Reaction	The range of phenotypic possibilites for a single genotype, as influneced by the environment.
15166197	Multifactorial	Many factors, both genetic and environmental, collectively influence phenotype.
15166198	Pedigree	The information about a particular trait assembled into a family tree describing the interrelationships of parents and children and children across generations.
15166199	Cystic Fibrosis	The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States.
15166200	Tay-Sachs Disease	A lethal disorder inherited as a recessive allele.
15166201	Sickle-Cell Disease	The most common inherited diesease among blacks.
15166202	Huntington's Disease	A degenerative disease of the nervous system.
15166203	Amniocentesis	A technique in a test that is able to determine if a developing fetus has Tay-Sachs disease.
15166204	Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)	A technique where a physician inserts a narrow tube through the cervix into the uterus and suctions out a tiny sampling of fetal tissue from the placenta.