AP Human Geography - Unit 2 Population Key Terms

Key terms for use in Unit 2 of APHG, population. combines Rubenstein & Fouberg

210270851	Age cohort	A group of people with a similar age.
210270852	Agricultural density	The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.
210270853	Agricultural revolution	The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and on longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
210270854	Anti-natalist	Concerned with limiting population growth.
210270855	Pro-natalist	Concerned with promoting population growth.
210270856	Arithmetic density (population density)	The total number of people divided by the total land area.
210270857	Census	A complete enumeration of a population.
210270858	Contraception	Deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation.
210270859	Crude death rate (CDR)	The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
210270860	Crude birth rate (CBR)	The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
210270861	Demographic transition	The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.
210270862	Demography	The scientific study of population characteristics.
210270863	Dependency ratio	The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compares to the number of people active in the labor force.
210270864	Doubling time	The amount of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
210270865	Ecumene	The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
210270866	Non-ecumene	The uninhabited or uninhabitable area of the world.
210270867	Epidemiologic transition	Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
210270868	Epidemiology	Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
210270869	Industrial Revolution	A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
210270870	Infant mortality rate (IMR)	The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
210270871	Life expectancy	The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
210270872	Medical revolution	Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
210270873	Natural increase rate (NIR/RNI)	The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
210270874	Overpopulation	The number of a people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
210270875	Pandemic	Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
210270876	Physiological density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
210270877	Population agglomeration (clustering)	A cluster of people living in the same area.
210270878	Population pyramid	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
210270879	Replacement fertility	The total fertility rate at which women would have only enough children to replace themselves and their partner.
210270880	Sex ratio	The number of males per 100 females in the population.
210270881	Total fertility rate (TFR)	The average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years.
210270882	Zero population growth (ZPG)	A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
210270883	population distribution	Variation of population density over a particular geographic area. For example, a country has a high population density in its urban areas and a much lower population density in rural areas.
210270884	megalopolis	An extensive concentration of urbanized settlement formed by a coalescence of several metropolitan areas. The term is commonly applied to the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, MA to Washington, D.C.
210270885	stationary population level	The level at which a national population ceases to grow
210270886	population composition	The structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education
210270887	newborn mortality rate	The number of infants who die within the first month of life per 1000 live births.
210270888	child mortality rate	A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
210270889	expansive population policies	Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.
210270890	eugenic population policies	Population policies which seek to encourage certain ethnicities or groups to have children, while inhibiting the rates of reproduction of those said to have less favorable traits. e.g. race, ethnicity. intelligence.
210270891	restrictive population policies	Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. e.g.: China's "one child" policy.
210270892	one-child policy	Official policy launched by China in 1979 to induce married couples to have only one child in an effort to control population growth.