AP World History Historical ID's #1 Flashcards

325547375	Stateless societies	-African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states. -African societies (probably around 1300's to mid 1400's) -had forms of gov't but instead of ruler and court in a kingdom, power could be held by council of families or the community, with no bureaucrats or army, or to tax for support	0
325547376	Sudanic states	-states often were led by a patriarch or council of elders from a family or lineage -based on an ethnic core and conquered neighboring peoples -rulers were sacred individuals separated from their subjects by rituals -fusion of Islamic and African cultures	1
325547377	Almoravids	-members of a Muslim dynasty of Berber warriors that flourished from 1049 to 1145 and that established political dominance over northwestern Africa and Spain -puritanical reformist group who was forming Islam by purifying it by returning it to the original teachings of Muhammad	2
325547378	Ifriqiya, Maghrib	-Ifriqiya=what the Romans called Africa -By 670 C.E., Muslims ruled Tunisia or Ifriqiya -Maghrib=Arab word for western north Africa	3
325547379	Ethiopia	-Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela -retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere	4
325547380	Mali	-empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers -old forms of kingship reinforced by Islam -Malinke people broke free from Ghana in 13th century -rulers supported Islam by building mosques etc -model for Islamic Sudanic kingdom -economic basis=agriculture and gold	5
325547381	Juula	-manlike merchants that formed small partnerships and groups to carry out trade throughout the gold-producing south areas of Mali -spread beyond borders of the empire to west Africa	6
325547382	Griots	-professional oral historians who also served as the keepers of traditions and advisors to kings	7
325547383	Timbuktu	-port city of Mali; near Niger River -by 4th century, mosque contained library and university -pop. of 50,000	8
325547384	Askia Muhammad	-	9
325547385	Ile-Ife	-holiest city of the Yoruba(Nigeria) -"original cultural center" -remarkable terra-cotta and bronze portrait heads of past rulers were produced there	10
325547386	Zenj	-Arabic term for east African coast	11
325547387	Mansa Kankan Musa	-king of Mali -came to power in 1312AD -brought the lands of the Middle Niger under Mali's rule -enclosed the cities of Timbuktu and Gao within his empire -pushed his armies northward, eastward, westward -enclosed a large part of the Western Sudan -Muslim; but most of his people were not Muslims, so he supported the religion of the mankind people as well as Islam. -made pilgrimage in 1324 to Mecca that brought Muslim world to Mali	12
325547388	Ishak-al-Sahili	-a poet and architect who directed the building of several important mosques, and a distinctive form of Sudanic architecture	13
325547389	Sundiata	-"The Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali empire; -died about 1260	14
325547390	Songhay	-successor state of Mali within Mali itself -people of Songhay dominated the middle areas of the Niger valley -made up of farmers, herders, fishers -began to form in the 7th century as independent kingdom probably under Berber dynasty -majority of pop.=pagan but there were Muslims -dominated by Mali but 1370s established independence and thrived as new sources of gold passed through	15
325547391	Muhammad the Great	-Muslim ruler who took military title of askia -Islamic ruler of the mid 16th century -extended the boundaries of the Songhay empire to Sudan	16
325547392	Nok	-culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 B.C.E and 200 C.E -located in forests of central Nigeria	17
325547393	Ibn Batuta	-Arabic traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records	18
325547394	Benin	-Powerful city-state(in present day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence -important commercial and political entity until 19th century	19
325547395	Kongo Kingdom	-based on agriculture -formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century -ruled by heriditary monarchy -sharp division in labor b/w men and women -by 15th century, divided into 8 major provinces	20
325547396	Great Zimbabwe	-Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located b/w Zimbezi and Limpopo rivers -developed after 9th century -featured royal courts built of stone -created centralized state by 15th century	21
325547397	Mwene Mutapa	-king of Bantu in 15th century	22
325547398	Bantu migration	-expansion of the Bantu peoples -migrated due to over population -helped spread culture throughout Africa	23
325547399	Axum	-kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands -replaced Meroe in first century C.E -received strong influence from Arabian peninsula -eventually converted to Christianity	24
325547400	Ghana	-founded in the 3rd century -rose to power by taxing the salt and gold exchanged within its borders -by 10th century, rulers had converted to Islam and was at the height of its power	25
325547401	Sunni Ali Ber	-Under him (1462-1492), the Songhay empire was forged -great tactical commander and ruthless leader -seized trading cities of Timbuktu and Jenne -controlled middle Niger valley -developed system to mobilize recruits for army -Muslim	26
325547402	Sharia	-Islamic law -defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance	27
325547403	Swahili Coast	-consisted of independent city states -affected a lot by Islam -string of Islamicized African ports	28
325547404	Hausa	-peoples of northern Nigeria -formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and Pagan traditions	29