BHHS AP Appeals / Evidence/ Logical Fallacies
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| 105286208 | Ad hominem | "against the man" attacking the person or group to which you are opposed rather than addressing the issue | |
| 105286209 | Ad populum | "to the people" appeal to the prejudices of the audience, or claiming that (or a majority) supports your opinion | |
| 105286210 | Ad misericordia | appeal to the the pity, sympathy or "misery" of the audience | |
| 105286212 | Ad vericundium | "to the authority" appeal based on the authority of a source | |
| 105286213 | Begging the question | writer encourages readers to accept a conclusion without any support | |
| 105286214 | Double standard | two comparable issues or ideas are judged by different criteria | |
| 105286215 | Equivocation | ambiguity or multiplicity of interpretations of a repeated word or phrase | |
| 105286216 | False analogy | analogy or comparison that is not logically consistent | |
| 105286217 | False authority | citing an expert on one subject as expert on another | |
| 105286218 | Either-or Reasoning | stating the only two interpretations of actions are alternatives, ignoring any compromise or moderate course | |
| 105286219 | Hasty generalization | drawing conclusions based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence; using all instances when only some apply | |
| 105286220 | Nonsequiter | "it does not follow" drawing a conclusion or making a transition that is not a logical result of the facts | |
| 105286221 | Oversimplification | obscuring or denying the complexity of an issue | |
| 105286222 | Post hoc ergo propter hoc | "after this therefore because of this" implying that because on event follows another, the first caused the second | |
| 105286223 | Red herring | introducing an irrelevant point to divert readers' attention from the main issue being discussed | |
| 105286224 | Slippery slope | claiming that one step in the wrong direction will lead to another, potentially disastrous consequence | |
| 105286225 | Smoke screen | concealing the author's true intent, belief, or attitude towards an issue | |
| 105286226 | Stereotyping | prejudging an individual based on ideas one has about the group the individual belongs to | |
| 252522124 | Pathos | Appeal to the reader's emotions | |
| 252522125 | Ethos | Appeal based on the credibility of the author | |
| 252522126 | Logos | Appeal to reason | |
| 252522127 | Deductive Reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case | |
| 252522128 | Inductive Reasoning | Logical reasoning that establishes specific facts or contentions leading to a general conclusion | |
| 252522129 | Fact | Information that can be objectively proven as true | |
| 252522130 | Statistic | Information that is an interpretation of numerical data | |
| 252522131 | Anecdote | Information gained from personal experience representing a general pattern | |
| 252522132 | Opinion | Information based on personal interpretation of facts | |
| 252522133 | Values | Common knowledge or beliefs readers accept as true | |
| 252522134 | Cause-effect relationships | Information the writer asserts as being the result of an event |