AP World History Chapter 9 Flashcards Flashcards
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| 333028729 | Brahmin | -highest Hindu caste: the first of the four Hindu castes, the members of which are priests and scholars of Vedic literature -political advisors to members of ruling warrior class | 0 | |
| 333028730 | Kshatriya | -Hindu caste: the second of the four Hindu castes, originally a royal and warrior caste -In modern times its members are professionals, administrators, or military personnel -Warriors and ruling class, political rulers | 1 | |
| 333028731 | Vaishya | -A member of the second-lowest of the four major castes of traditional Indian society, comprising farmers, herders, merchants, and businessmen -Major sect of guilds | 2 | |
| 333028732 | Shudra | - the lowest of the four Hindu castes, the members of which were segregated as ritually unclean by most castes because they performed tasks that were regarded as polluting -farmers, servants, laborers | 3 | |
| 333028733 | Brahmanas | -Any of several ancient Hindu religious prose texts that explain the relationship of the Vedas to the sacrificial ceremonies -Reveal much of historic Hindu beliefs | 4 | |
| 333028734 | Upanishads | -part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious | 5 | |
| 333028735 | Dharma | -performing of duties of Hinduism: in Hinduism, somebody's duty to behave according to strict religious and social codes, or the righteousness earned by performing religious and social duties | 6 | |
| 333028736 | Karma | -actions determining future state: in Hindu and Buddhist philosophy, the quality of somebody's current and future lives as determined by that person's behavior in this and in previous lives | 7 | |
| 333028737 | Atman | -essence of individual: in Hinduism, a person's essence or real self | 8 | |
| 333028738 | Siddharta Gautama | -a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded -very influential in politics and the rule of imperial leaders, ex: Asoka | 9 | |
| 333028739 | The Buddha | -Name for Siddharta Gautama | 10 | |
| 333028740 | Four Noble Truths of Buddhism | The Four Noble Truths are one of the central teachings of the Buddhist tradition Dukkha: Suffering is the cause of all problems Origin of Dukkha: Suffering is a result of Desire The cessation of suffering is possible The way to accomplish this is to follow the Eightfold Path | 11 | |
| 333028741 | Nirvana | -Nirvāṇa is a central concept in Indian religions. In sramanic thought, it is the state of being free from suffering -In Hindu philosophy, it is the union with the Supreme being through moksha -literally means "blowing out"—referring in the Buddhist context, to the blowing out of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion | 12 | |
| 333028742 | Sangha | -Sangha is a word in Pali or Sanskrit that can be translated roughly as "association" or "assembly," "company" or "community" with common goal, vision or purpose -Sangha is the third of the Three Jewels in Buddhism | 13 | |
| 333028743 | Mahāyāna | -Mahāyāna is one of the two main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice -is the larger of the two major traditions of Buddhism existing today | 14 | |
| 333028744 | Stupa | -is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship | 15 | |
| 333028745 | Theraveda | -literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching," is the oldest surviving Buddhist school -founded in India -relatively conservative, and generally closer to early Buddhism -has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka | 16 | |
| 333028746 | Bodhisattva | -bodhisattva is either an enlightened (bodhi) existence (sattva) or an enlightenment-being | 17 | |
| 333028747 | Jainism | -an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings -Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation | 18 | |
| 333028748 | Mahavira | -the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamāna who established what are today considered to be the central tenets of Jainism. | 19 | |
| 333028749 | Shinto | -the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the people of Japan -a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past -Coexisted with Chinese Buddhism | 20 | |
| 333028750 | Kami | -the Japanese word for the spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith -Although the word is sometimes translated as "god" or "deity", some Shinto scholars argue that such a translation can cause a misunderstanding of the term | 21 | |
| 333028751 | Prince Shotoku Taishi | -was a regent and one of the most outstanding figures in the history of early Japan -His reign marked a turning-point in the cultural and political development of Japan -A precocious child, he read extensively and acquired knowledge and wisdom at an early age | 22 |