Senecal Chapter 21 Revolutions Flashcards

Senecal

334576832	Radical	favoring extreme changes, especially in politics and government	0
334576833	regime	a government in power; a form or system of rule or management; a period of rule	1
334576834	liberal	having political or social views favoring reform and progress	2
334576835	nationalist	a member of a political group advocating or fighting for national independence, a strong national government, etc.	3
334576836	self-determination	the right of people to choose their own form of government	4
334576837	War of Austrian Succession	This war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa, for the Salic law prevented a woman from solely ruling the state	5
334576838	Tennis Court Oath	Declaration mainly by members of the Third Estate not to disband until they had drafted a constitution for France (June 20, 1789).	6
334576839	Jacobins	Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794.	7
334576840	Committee of Public Safety	An adminsitrative body created by the French National Convention in April 1793 to supervise food distribution, direct the war effort, and detect and punish counterrevolutionaries. With Robspierre at its head it became the political organ of the Terror, overseeing the prosecution and execution of tens of thousands of French men and women who oppossed its policies.	8
334576841	Royalist	a supporter or adherent of a king or royal government, esp. in times of rebellion or civil war.	9
334576842	Wollstonecraft	English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women, wrote "Vindication of the Rights of Women"	10
334576843	Denis Diderot	Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.	11
334576844	Benjamin Franklin	Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.	12
334576845	Continental Congress	the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation	13
334576846	utopia	an imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal	14
334576847	1765 Stamps Act	1765 Required all printed documents such as newspapers, legal contracts, marriage licenses, to bear revenue stamps purchased from royal stamp distributors As a result, the Stamp Act Congress was formed by the colonists to counter the Stamp Act	15
334576848	Estates general	The French national assembly summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis and correct abuses of the ancien regime.	16
334576849	Declaration of the Rights of Man	Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.	17
334576850	Reign of terror	the historic period (1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed	18
334576851	sans-culottes	in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages	19
334576852	coup	a sudden and decisive change of government illegally or by force	20
334576853	Toussaint L'Ouverture	was an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator.	21
334576854	Thomas Paine	Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man	22
334576855	1783 Treaty of Paris	Treaty which ended the American Revolutionary War. The United States won its independence from Great Britain and gained control of land strtching to the Mississippi River.	23
334576856	Three Estates	The clergy made up a very small percentage but owned 10% of the land; the nobles made up another small percentage but also owned most of the land; and the rest of the people made up 97% of France and owned very little land	24
334576857	bourgeoisie	educated, middle class of France; provided force behind the Revolution	25
334576858	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)	26
334576859	National Assembly	French Revolutionary assembly (1789-1791). Called first as the Estates General, the three estates came together and demanded radical change. It passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789. (p. 585)	27
334576860	Bastille	The political prison and armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Partisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles	28
334576861	Robespierre	A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.	29
334576862	Napoleon	A French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean.	30
334576863	First Consul	the position that Napoleon declared himself to seize power of France.	31
334576864	Congress of Vienna	Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. (p. 594)	32