Psych History & Theory Study Guide

196743244	psychology	the study of the mind and behavior
196743245	behaviorism	view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. we learn off our environments "rewards and punishments"
196743246	physiological perspective	perspective that deals with observing the biological actions of animals and humans and how it affects their behavior
196743247	psychoanalysis	Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
196743248	natural selection	principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
196743249	structuralism	idea that consciousness can be broken up into basic elements
196743250	developmental psychology	branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
196743251	psychodynamic perspective	perspective of psychology dealing with how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. associated with Freud
196743252	William James	functionalist who worked at Johns Hopkins and is known as the father of American psychology
196743253	functionalism	school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function, how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
196743254	evolutionary psychology	psychological theory focused on how the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes
196743255	gestalt psychology	psychology that emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
196743256	social-cognitive theory	theory that views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context
196743257	Sigmund Freud	Austrian physician who developed an influential theory of personality and psychoanalysis
196743258	behavior therapy	therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
196743259	sociocultural perspective	perspective of psychology that deals with how behavior and thinking varies across situations and cultures
196743260	humanistic psychology	perspective that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth - believes that people are free to direct their own destinies
196743261	cognitive perspective	perspective of psychology dealing with how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
196743262	Wilhelm Wundt	father of psychology and structuralism who opened the first psychology lab in Germany
198551541	Hippocrates	Greek father of medicine who loved to take drugs
198551542	Monism	belief that the mind and body areone
198551543	Dualism	belief that the mind and body are separate entities
198551544	Gall	first man to "study" psychology with phrenology
198551545	Tears	thing that was believed to be the basic structure of sadness
198551546	Titchner	student of Wundt who invented introspection
198551547	clinical psychologist	psychotherapist who helps people overcome major psychological problems such as schizophrenia and bipolarism *do not describe medicine
198551548	psychiatrist	psychotherapist who functions like a clinical psychologist but can prescribe medicine because they have an MD (medical degree)
198551549	counseling psychologist	psychotherapist that identifies minor problems such as divorce by using tests and interviews
198551550	school psychologist	psychotherapist that identifies students who have learning disabilities by observing them in a classroom setting and by testing their achievement
198551551	educational psychologist	psychotherapist that bolster student development by trying to improve the overall learning environment
198551552	developmental psychologist	psychotherapist that studies the changes that occur throughout a lifespan, especially those of a physical, emotional, and social nature
198551553	social psychologist	psychotherapist that studies the behaviors, attitudes, and external influences of the individual and why they act certain ways in social situations creepers
198551554	industrial psychologist	psychotherapist that focuses on how people work, they examine organizations, develop tests, assist in hiring and firing, and improve work conditions make a business run smoothly
198551555	consumer psychologist	psychotherapist that studies the behavior of consumers to create effective ads and use marketing strategies by predicting consumer behavior make the most money
198551556	forensic psychologist	psychotherapist that works within the criminal justice system, explains how certain kinds of psychological problems give rise to criminal behavior and help police officers with therapy and stress
198551557	health psychologist	psychotherapist that studies the effects of mind conditions, emotions, and aid bodily improvement through better choices
198551558	Watson, Pavlov, Skinner	these psychologists are associated with the behaviorist school of thought
198551559	Ellis, Piaget	these psychologists are associated with the cognitive perspective
198551560	Maslow, Rogers	these psychologists are associated with the humanist perspective
198551561	Darwin, Buss	these psychologists are associated with the evolutionary school of thought
198551562	Asch	this psychologist is associated with the sociocultural perspective
198551563	Stanley Hall	first president of the APA