Industrial and French Revolutions Flashcards

330730174	Renaissance	renewal in science and knowledge	0
330730175	Eurpoeans	rediscover ancient learning and Aristotle's logical approach	1
330730176	Mathematics	algebra helped to develop the scientific method	2
330730179	Britian	lead the way in inventions due to prosperity and internal peace	3
330730180	Small farmers	displaced from working on the land; needed work to support families	4
330730181	Ample Supply	iron and coal	5
330730182	Factory system	bulit a good transportation system	6
330730184	Merchant profits	tobacco, sugar, tea, and slave trade	7
330730185	Profits	capial to investin machines and transportation network	8
330730187	Industrial Revolution - 1st	agricultural: Plants from the New World varied & improved diets	9
330730188	Charles Townsend	crop rotation	10
330730189	Jethro Tull	Seed drill	11
330730190	Other instruments	iron plow, mechanical reapers, and threshers	12
330730191	Enclosure Movement	landowners claim land that had been considered common ground; fenced it off in larger tracts	13
330730192	Domestic System	suppliers gave raw rool or cotton to rural families which spun and weaved it by hand	14
330730194	John Kay	flying shuttle - his spinners couldn't keep up	15
330730195	John Hargreaves	attached several spimdles to a spinning wheel	16
330730196	Arkwright	100 spindles; water power - Water Frame	17
330730197	Crompton	Spinning mule	18
330730198	Edward Cartwright	water-powered loom - 200x production	19
330730199	Eli Whitney	Cotton gin - increaded the speed at which raw cotton could be cleansed of seeds	20
330730200	Labor intensive	increased need for slaves from Africa	21
330730201	factory market	men and material brought together	22
330730202	Thomas Savery	steam-driven pump to remove water from cooper miners ; pressure built up and pump exploded	23
330730203	Newcomb	safer pump; more fuel	24
330730204	James Watt	improved pump; 4x the power with same amount of fuel	25
330730206	Iron Ore	high temperatures to burn off impurities; created a soft, hard to work iron	26
330730207	Abraham Darby	coke - better grade of iron	27
330730208	Henry Cort	puddling process - molten iron stirred, stronger iron ; learnerd to roll the iron to create sheets	28
330730209	Henry Bessmer	forcing cold air throught the iron burn off impurities	29
330730212	Duke of Bridgewater	built canal to connect coal mines and factories	30
330730213	John McAdam	crushed stone to surface roads	31
330730214	George Stephenson	first steam-powered locomotive "Rocket"	32
330730215	Miles of rail	5,000	33
330730216	Robert Fulton	Clermont	34
330730217	Samuel Morse	telegraph - morse code	35
330730218	1851	telegraph cable laid across the English Channel	36
330730219	Belgium	textiles, iron and coal - capital to invest	37
330730220	France	land and textiles	38
330730221	Joseph Jacquard	power loom to weave complex patterns	39
330730223	US	steel production	40
330730225	George III	Whigs had too much power - small land owners agreed	41
330730226	Prime Minister Lord North	supported George III	42
330730227	After 7 years war	Britian gained control of Canda and lands e. of Mi	43
330730228	Delegates - Stamp Act	taxation without representation	44
330730229	Bostonians	Boston Tea Party	45
330730230	Intolerable Act	Boston and the colony of MA came under martial law	46
330730231	Quebec Act	new lands e. of Mi added to Quebec	47
330730232	1776	Colonist declared independence	48
330730234	Monarch	absolute ruler - required assistance of nobles and clergy	49
330730235	3 Estates	clergy, nobles, and all others	50
330730236	Clergy and Nobles	supported king - raise taxes on all others resisted king - weakened their rights	51
330730237	All others	middle class - supported Enlightment thinkers	52
330730240	Pesants and small farmers	required - free labor to nobles	53
330730242	Robert Turgot	controlled expenses and lifted taxes; suggested to tax nobles	54
330745627	1786	banks refused to extend loans - Louis taxed nobles	55
330745628	Covened Estates General	each estate - equal vote	56
330745629	3rd Estate	each delegate - individual vote ; king refused	57
330745630	3rd Estate Reconvened	Delcared itself National Assembly w/ right to write Constitution	58
330745631	National Assembly	abolished deudal dues, sefrdomm and nobles' tax exemption; freedom of worhsip, limited rights of the Catholic Church	59
330745632	Male citizens	eligible for government positions	60
330745633	Declaration of the Rights of Man	citizens equal, equal protection of property,	61
330745634	Women in Versailles	protest food prices	62
330745635	Civil Constitution of the Clergy	any citizen could be elected a priest or bishop	63
330745636	Church lands	confisicated - ailenated Catholics	64
330745637	Monarchy	limite to the executive branch with legislature to make laws, and a judicial branch	65
330745638	Radicals	republic, sat on the left	66
330745639	Moderates	sat on the right	67
330745641	April 1792	France declared war on Austria ; officers fled Frances	68
330745642	Brunswick Manifesto	Duke of Brunswick demaned Paris' surrender	69
330745644	Radicals	established the Commune	70
330745645	Commune	seized the Assembly & abolished it; imprisoned the king; new Constitution	71
330745646	January 21, 1793	Louis convicted of treason and gullotined	72
331736899	Louis saying	It is legal because I wish it.	73
331736900	1775	war between british and colonies	74
331736901	clergy	didn't want to collect tithes	75
331736902	Napolean died	St. Helena	76
331736903	Napolean's 1st exile	Elba	77
331736904	Russian's returning	less than 100,000	78
331736905	Czar Alexander's agreement	continental system	79
331736906	Napolean captured	Moscow	80
331736907	War of 1812	Bristish and France	81
331736908	Admiral Nelson	defeated Napolean @ Trafaglar	82
331736909	Civil COnstitution of the Clergy	Church over the clergy	83
331736910	Napoleanic Law	freedom of religion, all men equal, social mobility	84
331736911	Napolean Bonaparte	general @ 27	85
331736912	Napoelan's government	First Consul	86
331736913	chruch lands	confiscated	87