AP World Chapter 20 Terms Flashcards

Mr. Brown AP World ECHHS

334365705	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the Middle East, North Africa, and eastern Europe that lasted until after World War I	0
334365706	Mehmed II	Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; captured Constantinople and destroyed Byzantine empire	1
334365707	Janissaries	conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century	2
334365708	vizier	head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan	3
334365709	Suleymaniye mosque	great mosque built in Constantinople during the 16th century by Ottoman ruler Suleyman the Magnificent	4
334365710	Safavid dynasty	founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722	5
334365711	Safi al-Din	Sufi mystic and first ruler of the Safavid dynasty	6
334365712	Isma'il	Safavid leader; conquered the city of Tabriz in 1501 and was proclaimed shah	7
334365713	Chaldiran	an important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of their Shi'a state	8
334365714	Abbas I the Great	Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology	9
334365715	imams	Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors	10
334365716	mullahs	religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to convert all subjects to Shi'ism	11
334365717	Isfahan	Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city exemplifying Safavid architecture	12
334365718	Mughal dynasty	established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid-19th century	13
334365719	Babur	Turkic leader who founded Mughal dynasty; died in 1530	14
334365720	Humayn	son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540 but returned to restore the dynasty in 1556	15
334365721	Akbar	son and successor of Humayn; built up the military and administrative structure of the dynasty; followed policies of cooperation and toleration with the Hindu majority	16
334365722	Din-i-Ilahi	religion initiated by Akbar that blended elements of Islam and Hinduism; did not survive his death	17
334365723	sati	ritual burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husband's funeral pyres	18
334365724	Taj Mahal	mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal, built by her husband Shah Jahan, most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India	19
334365725	Nur Jahan	wife of ruler Jahangir who amassed power at Mughal court and created a faction ruling the empire during the later years of his reign	20
334365726	Aurangzeb	son and successor of Shah Jahan; pushed extent of Mughal control in India; reversed previous policies to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare depleted the empire's resources; died in 1707	21