AP World History Ch. 25 Flashcards

331228564	Tousssaint L'Overture	Leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791 that led to tcreation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804	0
331228565	Father Miguel de Hidalgo	Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, captured and executed	1
331228566	Augustin de Iturbide	Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; proclaimed emperor of Mexico until 1824	2
331228567	Simon Bolivar	Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador btw 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia	3
331228568	Gran Colombia	Independent state created in South America as a result of military success of simon Bolivar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations	4
331228569	Jose de San Martin	A leader of the struggle for independence in southern South America; later collaborating with Simon Peru Bolivar in the liberation of Peru	5
331228570	Joao VI	Portuguese monarch who established seat of gov in Brazil from 1808 to 1820 as a result of Napoleonic invasion of Iberian peninsula	6
331228571	Pedro I	Son and successor of Joao VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil	7
331228572	Andres Santa Cruz	Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia btw 1829 and 1839	8
331228573	caudillos	Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national gov to impose their concept of rule	9
331228574	centralists	Latin American politicians who wished to create strong, centralized national gov with broad powers	10
331228575	federalists	Latin American politions who wanted policies, especially fiscal and commercial regulation, to be set by regional gov rather than centralized gov	11
331228576	Juan Manuel de Rosas	Strongman leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos	12
331228577	General Antonio Lopez de santa Anna	Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire of Mexico in 1824; after brief reign of liberals, seized power in 1835 at caudillo	13
331228578	Monroe Doctrine	American declaration stated in 1823; any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the U.S	14
331228579	guano	Bird droppings utilized as fertilizers; exported from Peru as a major item of trade btw 1850 and 1880; income from trade ended American Indian tribute and abolition of slavery	15
331228580	positivism	French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society	16
331228581	Auguste Comte	French philosopher; founder of positivism	17
331228582	manifest destiny	Belief of the gov of the US that it was destined to rule continent from coast to coast	18
331228583	Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo	Agreement that ended Mexican-American War	19
331228584	Mexican-American War	Fought between Mexico and the US from 1846 to 1848; loss of about one-half of Mexico's territories	20
331228585	Benito Juarez	Indian governor of state of Oaxaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna	21
331228586	La Reforma	The liberal rebellion of Benito Juarez against the forces of Santa Anna	22
331228587	Maximilian von Habsburg	Proclaimed Emperor Maximilian of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862	23
331228588	Argentine Republic	Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise btw centralists and federalists	24
331228589	Domingo F. Sarmiento	Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic from 1868 to 1874; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade, launched internal reforms in education and transport	25
331228590	fazendas	Coffee estates that spread within interior of Brazil btw 1840 and 1860; major commodity for Brazil; led to intensification of slavery in Brazil	26
331228591	cientificos	Advisors of gov of Porfirio Diaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas	27
331228592	Spanish-American War	Fought btw Spain and the US beginning 1898; American intervention in Caribbean	28
331228593	Panama Canal	An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; provided short route btw Atlantic and Pacific oceans	29