Chapter 19 Flashcards

337874886	Marie Curie	French scientist; with husband Pierre, discovered radium and coined "radioactivity," providing med. with important new diagnostic and curative tools	0
337874887	Albert Einstein	(1879-1955) a revolutionary theoretical physicist; helped to found the field of quantum physics; published general theory of relativity and the equation E=mc2, which made a bigger imporession on the scientific world than any new theories since Newton	1
337874888	Sigmund Freud	(1856-1939) father of modern psychiatry; believed innate drives governs the behavior of people; concept of balance of forces in each person- libido, super ego, and ego	2
337874889	darbar	1911 visitation by King Emperor George V in Delhi, since capital Calcutta was a hot zone of resentment for the British; first ever appearance of a monarch in the colony	3
337874890	Cixi	conservative "dowager" empress; disliked foreigners; sent Chinese officials abroad and instituted reform, though insufficient for keeping pace with modern industrialization at the beginning of the 20th century	4
337874891	Sun Yat-sen	(1866-1925) failed a coup in Guangzhou in 1895; helped found the Guomindang, China's leading rev. party, in 1911; elected 1st president of the United Provinces of China; Three People's Principles- nationalist, democracy, and Wester tech; inspired Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong	5
337874892	Guomindang	China's leading revolutionary party (GMD); founded in 1911; an element of the changing of China's government	6
337874893	creole	an elitist in Latin America; joined in commerce with the Europeans; treated their nations as private estates	7
337874894	mestizo	a person of mixed race and culture; leaders contesting for power who demanded a dramatic break with the past control by the creole elite	8
337874895	Porfirio Diaz	(1830-1915) dictator in Mexico from 1876 on; caused the development of mining, oil drilling, railways, increasing exports of raw agricultural products; good for creoles, bad for urban workers and rural peasants; after winning presidency unfairly, sent into exile by rebels	9
337874896	Franciso "Pancho" Villa	(1878-1923) from northern border region of Mexico; radical leader fighting for control during civil war	10
337874897	Emiliano Zapata	(1879-1919) from Morelos; a radical who declared the rev. Plan of Ayala; Better to die on one's feet than to live on one's knees; radical and agrarian rev.	11
337874898	Young Turks	a group of progressive army officers and liberal professionals; seized control of the government under the Ottoman sultan in 1908	12
337874899	14 points	plan for post-war Europe; no secret alliances/treaties, self-determination of peoples; formation of League of Nations; Wilson's	13
337874900	Treaty of Versailles	concluded the war; Germany to pay war debts, never have an armed force exceeding 100,000 and accept all blame	14
337874901	League of Nations	created in 1920 for int'l. cooperation, to adjucate disputes among nations and to prevent future warfare; 3 congenital defects: U. S. refusal to join, issues of national identities and increasing anti-colonialism	15
337874902	Ataturk	(1881-1938) Musafa Kemal; led an armed resistance of the division of Turkey; drove out the foreign troops stationed in Turkey and preserved the geographical territory and political independence until full sovereignty	16
337874903	Mohandas K. Gandhi	(1869-1948 leader of the Indian nationalist movement; 1919 began to reorganize the Congress around India's peasantry; 1920 began the 1st of his non-cooperation campaigns; 1930 led the Salt March, a protest movement that mobilized the country	17
337874904	Nicholas II	(r. 1894-1917) tsar who furthered heavy industrialization under two progressive ministers; allowed the birth of some representative political institutions; rejected the democratic reforms demanded by intellectuals, workers and political organizers	18
337874905	Joseph Stalin	(1879-1953) took over Russia after Lenin's death in 1924; 1928 instituted nationwide, state-directed 5-year plans that covered the basic economic structure of the whole country; made kulaks for political prisoners; sought to achieve "combined development"	19
337874906	collectivization	Stalin's approach to increasing agricultural productivity; more than half of all Soviet farmers compelled to live and work on newly formed collective farms of 1,000 acres or more	20
337874907	Franklin D. Roosevelt	elected in 1932 during the Depression; instituted social welfare programs; provided financial relief for the unemployed; public works projects to create construction jobs; subsidies to farmers to reduce production and eliminate surpluses; federal support for low-cost housing and slum clearance	21
337874908	Civilian Conservation Corps	established by F. D. R; to promote conservation and reforestation; provided jobs to some 3 million youth	22