AP World History Chapter 27 terms Flashcards

332705851	Peter I (the Great)	Russian leader who began the encouragement of Westernization (built ships, est. St. Petersburg, etc.)	0
332705852	Catherine the Great	Enlightened leader who successfully seized the Black Sea from the Ottomans	1
332705853	Czar Alexander I	utilized the scorched-earth policy, successfully pushed Napolean out of Russia, took part in the Congress of Vienna, and created the Holy Alliance	2
332705854	Decembrist Uprising	(1825) a rebellion staged by Russian revolutionaries in effort to prevent the accession of Nicholas I following the death of Alexander I	3
332705855	Nicholas I	leader that crushed the Decembrist Revolt, repressed opponents, censored the press, and created the "Secret Police"	4
332705856	Crimean War	(1853-1856) the war that began as a Russian attempt to attack Ottoman Empire, which opposed by France and Britain, and resulted in Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology, and led to Russian reforms under Tsar Alexander II.	5
332705857	Treaty of Paris	treaty that ended the Crimean War	6
332705858	Alexander II	(1855-1881) pro-industrialization for Russia, emancipated the serfs, increased the size of the military, and sponsored the building of the Tran-Siberian railroad	7
332705859	Zemstvo Law	(1864) law that gave regional power to local authorities; had no national recognition	8
332705860	Count Sergei Witte	Russian Minister of Finance, encouraged Western investors, increased Russia's banking system, and increased tariffs	9
332705861	Tran-Siberian railroad	connected European Russian with the Pacific	10
332705862	Intelligentsia	these people who were inspired by the radical phase of the French Revolution (they were more prone to violence)	11
332705863	anarchists	people who want no government	12
332705864	Alexander III	(1881-1894) supressed rebellions, persecuted all dissenters, silence liberal opposition, enforced the Russian language, and was in favor of Marxist ideology/socialism	13
332705865	Vladimir Lenin	founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution	14
332705866	Duma	the lower chamber of the Russian parliament	15
332705867	Russo-Japanese War	war fought (1904-1905) between Russia and Japan over territorial claims for Manchuria and Korea; Japan won and emerged as a world power	16
332705868	Nicholas II	(1894-1917) czar of Russia during Russo- Japanese War	17
332705869	Treaty of Portsmouth	treaty negotiated by Theodore Roosevelt; showed example Western influence/intervention	18
332705870	Bloody Sunday	peaceful protest against czar Nicholas II; people wanted more rights and were upset over loss of Russo-Japanese War	19
332705871	October Manifesto	document addressed to the chaos in Russia and pledged to grant civil liberties to the people	20
332705872	terakoya	new commoner schools (helped increase literacy in Japan)	21
332705873	Dutch Studies	the focus on science and medicine	22
332705874	Commodore Mathew Perry	utilized gunboat diplomacy, attempts to negotiate better treatment of U.S. sailors, signed treaty that opened up additional ports to Americans	23
332705875	Treaty of Kanagawa	(1856) treaty that opened up 2 additional ports to U.S., promised better treatment of American castaways, and granted extraterritorality for all	24
332705876	Meiji Period	during this time period, the Emperor held absolute power, feudalism was abolished, and there was an increase in Westernization	25
332705877	Diet	Japanese parliament--House of Peers/Peerage	26
332705878	zaibatsu	industrial combines, increaased production (ex: large-scale cotton-spinning mill, textile mill, etc.)	27
332705879	Anglo-Japanese Treaty	in the signing of this document, Great Britain recognized Japan's actions/legitimacy in Korea; created parity with the West	28
332705880	Port Arthur	port opened up in Manchuria	29