Chapter 3 - Federalism

241144826	AFDC	Program to distribute welfare benefits that was formerly federally funded then devolved to the states in 1996 (as a block grant)
241144827	Block Grants	Federal funds provided for a broad purpose, unrestricted by detailed requirements and regulations
241144828	Categorical Grants	Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport
241144829	Conditions of Aid	Conditions specified by the federal government to fund a specified program
241144830	Confederation or Confederal System	A system of government in which a collection of states give some political powers to a central government but keep most political powers for themselves; used temporarily
241144831	Devolution	The transition of federal powers to states
241144832	Dual Federalism	Though the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are equally supreme in theirs, these spheres should be separate
241144833	Federal System	A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
241144834	Grants-in-aid	Federal funds provided to states and localities, category made up of block grants and categorical grants
241144835	Initiative	Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters
241144836	Intergovernmental Lobby	When state or local officials lobby in Washington to get money or laws for their areas
241144837	Interstate Commerce	trade conducted between two or more states
241144838	Intrastate Commerce	business transactions involving companies that do business only in one state.
241144839	Land Grant Colleges	Public Universities and Colleges created from money from federal loans, many due to the Morrill Land Grant Act
241144840	McCulloch vs. Maryland	Supreme Court ruling: states had no right to interfere with federal institutions within their borders; strengthened federal power
241144841	Mandates	Rules imposed by the federal government on the states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the cost of certain programs
241144842	Medicaid	a federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them
241144843	National Interests	A country's goals and ambitions whether economic, military, or cultural
241144844	Necessary and Proper Clause	Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers
241144845	Nullification	the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
241144846	Police Powers	The power of a state to promote health, safety, and morals
241144847	Recall	the act of removing an official by petition
241144848	Referendum	a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
241144849	Revenue Sharing	A law providing for the distribution of a fixed amount or share of federal tax revenues to the states for spending almost any government purpose; ended in 1986
241144850	2nd order devolution	Flow of power from state governments to local governments.
241144851	Sovereignty	Supreme or ultimate political authority
241144852	States' Rights	The rights and political powers that the U.S. states possess in relation to the federal government
241144853	10th amendment	powers reserved to the States
241144854	3rd order devolution	Flow of power from local government to private profit or nonprofit organizations.
241144855	Unitary System	a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government