aphug- Chp. 11

273665894	Acid Rain	rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions
273665895	Aluminum Industry	An industry that uses different forms of energy (mostly hydro) to help with the metal making process which produces aluminum products.
273665897	Factors of Production	land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
273665899	Location of Aluminum Industry	more towards central US
273665902	Assembly Line	mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it
273665904	Fordism	system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
273665906	Production	the act or process of producing something
273665908	Bid Rent Theory	geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.
273665910	Break-of-Bulk Point	A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.
273665912	Canadian Industrial Heartland	Canada has a sizable manufacturing sector, centred in Central Canada, with the automobile industry especially important.
273665915	Carrier Efficiency	An organization that provides communications and networking services. A communications and networking "service provider." See common carrier and private carrier
273665917	Deglomeration	The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing costs due to congestion and competition.
273665919	Deindustrialization	process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment
273665920	Fixed Costs	Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output produced
273665922	Footloose Industry	a company with no allegiance or ties to a country or a location that, therefore, can move its primary location
273665924	Four Tigers	S. Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong played an increasingly important role as well as in the global economy.
273665927	Industrial Location Theory	Alfred Weber, the selection of optimal factory locations has much to do with the minimization of land, labor, resource, and transportation costs, variable-cost framework that affects location of factory sites
273665931	Industrial Regions place	placed where the raw materials that are needed are located
273665933	Industrial regions fuel source	wherever raw materials are located
273665937	industrial regions characteristics	if in cities: crowded, dirty, loud
273665938	Industrial Revolution	Change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power
273665940	Industry Receding	industries losing profit and becoming smaller, shrinking
273665942	Industry Growing	indsutry becoming larger and expanding
273665945	Infrastructure	the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area
273665947	International Division of Labor	The process where the assembing procedures for a product are spread out through different parts of the world
273665949	Labor-Intensive	Type of industry in which labor cost is a high percentage of expense.
273665951	Least-Cost Location	A site chosen for industrial development where total costs are theoretically at their lowest, as opposed to location at the point of maximum revenue
273665954	Major Manufacturing Regions	1. Eastern Anglo America, 2. Western and Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Eastern Asia (see map given out in class), The rise of flexible production systems, business process outsourcing, and downsizing.
273665956	Manufacturing Exports	The place in which the production and manufacturing of goods is exported.
273665958	Manufacturing	making products to sell
273665960	Warehouse	a storehouse for goods and merchandise
273665962	Industrial parks	areas communities have set aside for industrial uses
273665964	Agglomeration	a jumbled collection or mass
273665966	Shared Services	consolidates all individuals from all business units into a single organization, run centrally, and utilized by each business unit.
273665968	Zoning	dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc
273665970	Transportation	the act of transporting something from one location to another
273665971	Taxes	fees for the support of government required to be paid by people and businesses
273665972	Environmental Considerations	physical boundaries, location to marker from industry, transportation
273665973	Maquiladora	Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.
273665974	Market Orientation	a philosophy that assumes that a sale does not depend on an aggressive sales force but rather on a customer's decision to purchase product; it is synonymous with the marketing concept
273665975	Multiplier Effect	An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.
273665976	NAFTA	A trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.
273665977	Outsourcing	The procuring of services or products, such as the parts used in manufacturing a motor vehicle, from an outside supplier or manufacturer in order to cut costs
273665978	Plant Location	factory is located close to market and supplier to reduce need for stalk items, and supplies, "Just in time" delivery.
273665979	"Just in time" Delivery	reliably getting products there just before the customer needs them
273665980	Postindustrial	of or relating to a society or economy marked by a lessened importance of manufacturing and an increase of services, information, and research
273665981	Refrigeration	the process of cooling or freezing
273665982	Resource Crisis	When resources for a national or global market run low.
273665983	Resource Orientation	tendency for an industry or other type of economic activity to locate close to its resources
273665984	Special Economic Zones (China)	Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment.
273665985	Substitution Principle	Principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location.
273665986	Threshold/Range	The population required to make provision of services economically feasible./In economic geography and central place theory, the minimum market needed to support the supply of a product or service
273665987	Time-Space Compression	through processes such as globalization time is accelerated and the significance of space is reduced
273665988	Complementarity Trade	two regions (through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products) can satisfy each other's needs (U.S. and Canada)
273665989	Transnational Corporation	A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
273665990	Variable Costs	expenses that change with the number of products produced
273665991	Alfred Weber	German geographer who was a major theorists of industrial location. He devised a model of how to understand industrial locations in regard to several factors, including labor supply, markets, resource location, and transpiration.
273665992	Weight-gaining	finished products weigh more than raw materials, so the factory needs to be close to the market
273665993	Weight-losing	raw materials weigh more than the finished product, so the factory needs to be close to the resources