AP Biology Bacteria

54668873	Systematic bacteriology	classifies bacteria via evolutionary or genetic relationships
54668874	determinative bacteriology	classifies bacteria by cell wall composition, morphology, biochemical tests, differential staining, etc.
54668875	prokaryotic	pre-nucleus; genetic material not enclosed in membrane
54668876	bacteria and archaea	two domains of prokaryotes
54668877	phylum proteobacteria	contains most of gram (-) bactria, ribosomal RNA studies to find relationships, 5 classes : alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon
54668878	photolithotroph	cyanobacteria, nitrogen fixing
54668879	chemolithotroph	nitrifying, archaea, use inorganic chemical elements from earth
54668880	photoorganotroph	use organic electron donors, opportunistic, use sunlight but heterotrophic
54668881	chemoorganotroph	aerobic, anaerobic, parasitic, saprobes, decomposers, opportunistic; most bacteria
54668882	alphaproteobacteria	nitrogen fixation
54668883	cat-scratch disease, Bartonella	B. hensela; opportunistic alphaproteobacteria
54668884	Brucellosis	Brucella, can survive phagocytosis
54668885	Rickettsia: Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers	passed on by ticks, vector for bacteria, alphaproteobacteria
54668886	Rocky Mountain spotted fever	R. rickettsii
54668887	Agrobacterium	insert plasmid into plant cells, used to make GM products, alphaproteobacteria
54668888	Rhizobium	nitrogen fixing bacteria in plant root nodules, opportunistic
54668889	N. meningitidis	meningitidis, leads to inflammation of meninges- membrane around brain, neisseria, betaproteobacteria, chemoorganotroph
54668890	N. gonorrhoeae	pathogen, STD, neisseria, usually inhabits mammals' mucous membranes, betaproteobacteria, chemoorganotroph
54668891	pseudomonas	opportunistic pathogens, metabolically diverse, polar flagella, binary fission, common soil bacteria, gammaproteobacteria
54668892	L. pneumophilia	leads to legionellosis/legionnaire's disease, legionella, found in streams, warm water pipes, cooling towers, spread by exhaled water droplets, problem during wartime, gammaproteobacteria
54668893	escherichia	commonly found in human intestines (enteric), can cause serious food borne disease, but help make vitamins, break down food in colon; gram (-)
54668894	salmonella	almost all members of this genera are potential pathogens, commonly cause food poisoning, commonly found on poultry products
54668895	serratia	found on catheters, in saline irrigation solutions, other "sterile" solutions
54668896	proteus	very motile genera, many flagella, common soil bacteria, cause secondary infection, cause UTI's or wound infections
54668897	Heliobacter	multiple flagella, peptic ulcers, stomach cancer; H. pyloris is an example on one- feeds on lining of stomach
54668898	epsilonproteobacteria	do well in acidic environments
54668899	cynobacteria	aquatic, do oxygenic photosynthesis, fix nitrogen
54668900	heterocysts	specialized cells in cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen
54668901	Clostridium	gram (+), produces endospores, dangerous, obligate anaerobes (can't grow/reproduce in O2), puncture wounds
54668902	C. tetani	tetanus, neurological toxin, kills by causing respiratory failure, in animals, called lockjaw, gram (+)
54668903	C. botulinum	botulism, most poisonous substance on earth, home canning, gram (+)
54668904	C. perfringens	gas gangrene, produce exotoxins that kill surrounding tissue, then grows into dead tissue b/c only grow in absence of O2, large wound site, gram (+)
54668905	C. difficile	serious diarrhea especially when undergoing antibiotic therapy, in small intestine, feeds on intestine, gram (+)
54668906	B. Anthracis	bacillus, endospore producer, rod, cause anthrax, gram (+)
54668907	S. aureus	staphylococcus that causes lots of hospital infections, common skin bacteria, gram (+)
54668908	MRSA	methcillin resistant S. aureus: flesh eating bacteria, gram (+)
54668909	streptococcus	genus responsible for more diseases than any other bacteria group, includes pneumonia, strep throat, cavities, scarlet fever
54668910	actinobacteria/actinomycetes	high G + C levels in DNA, gram (+), fungus-like growth, includes TB (aka consumption)
54668911	M. tuberculosis	mycobacterium that causes TB
54668912	M. leprae	causes leprosy
54668913	propinonibacterium	make cheese, cause acne
54668914	streptomyces	produce antibiotics
54668915	syphilis	ulcers, surface ulcers, systemic, neuralsypphilis, blindness, insanity, necrosis
54668916	chlamydia	STD, obligate cell parasite, ATP parasite-- can't make their own ATP
54668917	methanobacterium	thermophilic archaea, methanogen, lives in ocean trenches, consume methyl hydrate, live in cow's guts
54668918	halobacterium	halophilic archaea, lives where there's high salt concentrations