RV Myers Psychology for AP

RV Myers Psychology for AP - Concept Essay

321143925	Spotlight effect	overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).
321143926	Self-serving bias	a readiness to perceive oneself favorably
321143927	Object Permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
321143928	Conservation	the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
321143931	Functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving
321143932	Representative heuristic	judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
321143933	Availability heuristic	estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common
321143936	Proactive interference	(Forward acting interference) disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
321143937	Retroactive interference	(Backward acting interference) disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
321143938	Misinformation effect	incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event
321143939	Source amnesia	attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined
321143940	Hypnosis	a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur
321143941	Opiates	opium and its derivatives, (such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
321143942	Hallucinogens	psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
321143943	Absolute threshold	minimal amount of energy required to produce any sensation, 50 percent of the time
321143944	Difference threshold	Just Noticeable Difference (JND); the smallest change in stimulation that you can detect 50% of the time; differs from one person to the other (and from moment to moment); tells us the flexibility of sensory systems
321143947	Sensory adaptation	Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
321143949	Hindsight Bias	The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
321143950	Double Blind Procedure	An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies
322359049	Random Assignment	Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance ,thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups