Mid-Term Review
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| 260776696 | steps in the scientific method | observations, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusionc | |
| 260776697 | hypothesis | idea you can test | |
| 260776698 | analysis | looking for patterns in data | |
| 260776699 | controlled experiment | tests ONE variable | |
| 260776700 | biology | study of the living world | |
| 260776701 | homeostasis | keeping internal conditions stable | |
| 260776702 | metabolism | using energy to make life happen | |
| 260776703 | basic unit of mass in SI (scientific notation) | gram | |
| 260776704 | basic unit of length in SI | meter | |
| 260776705 | water molecule | one oxygen and two hydrogens | |
| 260776706 | nucleus of an atom | protons and neutrons | |
| 260776707 | outside of an atom | electrons | |
| 260776708 | allows water molecules to stick together | cohesion | |
| 260776709 | allows water molecules to stick to other molecules | adhesion | |
| 260776710 | most abundant compound in living things | water | |
| 260776711 | which end of water is positive? | hydrogen | |
| 260776712 | which end of water is negative? | oxygen | |
| 260776713 | an evenly distributed mixture of substances | solution | |
| 260776714 | solute in sugar water | sugar | |
| 260776715 | solvent in soda | water | |
| 260776716 | most acidic pH - 2 or 4? | 2 | |
| 260776717 | pH of 4 | acid | |
| 260776718 | pH of 10 | base | |
| 260776719 | pH of 7 | neutral | |
| 260776720 | amino acids: legos or lego castle? | legos | |
| 260776721 | protein: legos or lego castle? | lego castle | |
| 260776722 | what are proteins made of? | amino acids | |
| 260776723 | carbohydrate's building block | monosaccharide | |
| 260776724 | main source of energy for living things | carbohydrates | |
| 260776725 | they store and transmit heredity | nucleic acids | |
| 260776726 | speeds up a chemical reaction | catalyst | |
| 260776727 | these things make chemical rxns happen in living things by speeding up the rxns | enzymes | |
| 260776728 | cell theory | all living things are made of cells, cells are basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are made from existing cells | |
| 260776729 | organism that makes its own food | autotroph | |
| 260776730 | organism that uses other living things for food | heterotroph | |
| 260776731 | which is NOT found in prokaryotes? cytoplasm, nucleus, or cell membrane? | nucleus | |
| 260776732 | contains genetic material, controls cell processes | nucleus | |
| 260776733 | makes proteins | ribosome | |
| 260776734 | give energy to cells | mitochondria and chloroplasts | |
| 260776735 | cytoskeleton | gives cell shape, allows it to move | |
| 260776736 | cell wall | external support for cell | |
| 260776737 | cell membrane | controls what enters and leaves cell | |
| 260776738 | diffusion | movement of molecules from high concentration to low | |
| 260776739 | transport that requires energy from cell | active transport | |
| 260776740 | transport that doesn't use energy | passive transport | |
| 260776741 | osmosis | diffusion of water across a membrane | |
| 260776742 | osmotic pressure | causes cells to burst as water floods cells | |
| 260776743 | simplest to most complex organization in living things | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism | |
| 260776744 | when cell grows, which grows faster? volume or surface area? | volume | |
| 260776745 | why mitosis is required after cells get to a certain size | DNA can't keep up with demand, needs too much food and oxygen, can't get materials in and out fast enough | |
| 260776746 | mitosis | a cell divides into two identical daughter cells | |
| 260776747 | chromosomes are visible now | prophase in cell division | |
| 260776748 | G1 phase | cell growth | |
| 260776749 | S phase | DNA synthesis (replication) | |
| 260776750 | G2 phase | preparation for mitosis | |
| 260776751 | M phase | mitosis | |
| 260776752 | interphase | cell grows, copies DNA, prepares for mitosis | |
| 260905402 | D phase | mitosis (cell division) |  |
| 260905403 | B phase | DNA synthesis | |
| 260905404 | C phase | preparation for mitosis | |
| 260905405 | cell cycle | series of events cells go through as they grow and divide | |
| 260905406 | A | centromere |  |
| 260905407 | B | sister chromatids | |
| 260905408 | process that replaces cells damaged by bruising, helps babies grow to adults, replaces cells damaged in stomach by acid | mitosis | |
| 260905409 | difference between mitosis in plants and animals | metaphase plate in plants | |
| 260905410 | a cell with 8 chromosomes has how many after mitosis? | 8 | |
| 260905411 | a cell with 14 chromosomes has how many after meiosis | 7 | |
| 260905412 | cancer | disorder in which cells lose control of their growth rate | |
| 260905413 | tumor | mass of cancer cells | |
| 260905414 | if a TT plant crosses with a tt plant, the F1 plants get | a T allele AND a t allele | |
| 260905415 | principle of dominance | some alleles are dominant over others | |
| 260905416 | homozygous | two identical alleles | |
| 260905417 | heterozygous | two different alleles | |
| 260905418 | all of the offspring | how many of the offspring will be tall? |  |
| 260905419 | use FOIL to find all the gametes from TtGG | TG and tG | |
| 260905420 | use FOIL to find all the gametes from TtGg | TG, Tg, tG, tg | |
| 260905421 | incomplete dominance | neither allele completely dominant | |
| 260905422 | codominance | both alleles completely dominant in different areas | |
| 260905423 | if a diploid number is 46, haploid is: | 23 | |
| 260905424 | if diploid number is 50, haploid is: | 25 | |
| 260905425 | if haploid number is 2, diploid is: | 4 | |
| 260905426 | process that makes gametes | meiosis | |
| 260905427 | crossing-over |  | |
| 260905428 | tetrads are formed during | prophase 1 | |
| 260905429 | why parent chromosome # is cut in half | DNA replication doesn't happen between meiosis 1 and 2 | |
| 260905430 | sugar in DNA | deoxyribose | |
| 260905431 | base found only in RNA | uracil (U) | |
| 260905432 | sugar found in RNA | ribose | |
| 260905433 | base found only in DNA | thymine (T) | |
| 260905434 | replication | copying DNA | |
| 260905435 | replicate ATT AGG CAC | TAA TCC GTG | |
| 260905436 | transcribe ATT AGG CAC | UAA UCC GUG | |
| 260905437 | the role of mRNA in protein synthesis | bringing gene's info to ribosome | |
| 260905438 | the role of tRNA in protein synthesis | bringing amino acids to build the protein | |
| 260905439 | the role of rRNA in protein synthesis | part of the ribosome | |
| 260905440 | product of transcription | mRNA | |
| 260905441 | product of translation | protein | |
| 260905442 | 1 codon specifies __ amino acid(s) | 1 | |
| 260905443 | ___ letters in a codon | 3 | |
| 260905444 | genes are instructions for making... | ...proteins | |
| 260905445 | this is likely to bring together recessive alleles | inbreeding | |
| 260905446 | this is likely to make stronger offspring with FEW recessive traits | hybridization | |
| 260905447 | crossing a cocker spaniel with a poodle to make a cockapoo makes a | hybrid | |
| 260905448 | genetic engineering | making artificial changes in the DNA of an organism | |
| 260905449 | number of chromosomes in a normal human karyotype | 46 | |
| 260905450 | human egg: X or Y or XX or XY | X | |
| 260905451 | chance that a sperm and egg will bring together X and Y to make a boy | about 50% | |
| 260905452 | is ABO blood type determined by multiple alleles? | yes | |
| 260905453 | type A x type B possible blood types | A, B, AB, o | |
| 260905454 | type A and type o possible blood types | A and o | |
| 260905455 | why colorblindness is more common in males | colorblindness is sex-linked - found on the X chromosome | |
| 260905456 | nondisjunction | failure of chromosomes to separate in meiosis | |
| 260905457 | Interesting patterns of traits on Galapagos | species with traits similar to South American relatives, but adapted to each island's unique environment | |
| 260905458 | galapagos finches differ primarily in their | beak shapes | |
| 260905459 | On the Origin of Species | Charles Darwin's book which first set out the ideas of the theory of evolution | |
| 260905460 | why do organisms selected by Natural Selection seem to have their traits? | the inherited traits maximize fitness | |
| 260905461 | vestigial structures | inherited from ancestors but have lost much or all of their original function ex: whale pelvis and femur | |
| 260905462 | Kingdom Animalia | multicellular eukaryote heterotrophs | |
| 260905463 | Kingdom Plantae | multicellular eukaryote autotrophs | |
| 260905464 | Kingdom Fungi | unicellular AND multicellular eukaryote heterotrophs | |
| 260905465 | Kingdom Protista | mostly unicellular eukaryote heterotrophs or autotrophs | |
| 260905466 | Kingdom Bacteria | unicellular prokaryotes | |
| 260905467 | the eukaryote kingdoms | animals, plants, fungi, protists | |
| 260905468 | the prokaryote kingdoms | bacteria and archaea | |
| 260905469 | dichotomous key | used to identify organisms, consists of the answers to a series of questions | |
| 260905470 | responding variable aka the dependent variable | the variable that changes in response to the dependent variable | |
| 260905471 | manipulated variable aka the independent variable | the variable changed by the experimenter | |
| 260905472 | the cause of raindrops | cohesion | |
| 260905473 | the cause of water climbing up the walls of a glass | adhesion | |
| 260905474 | the things that make the rough ER bumpy | ribosomes | |
| 260905475 | universal donor | type o | |
| 260905476 | universal acceptor | type AB | |
| 260905477 | Down's syndrome - extra chromosome or recessive allele | extra chromosome |