AP Hug Chapter 10

351215338	Commodity Chain	Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market
351215339	Developing	Progress is being made in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare
351215340	Gross national product (GNP)	Measure of the total value of the officially recorded goods and services produced by the citizens and corporations of a country in a given year
351215341	Gross domestic product (GDP)	Goods and services produced within a country during a given year
351215342	Per capita GNI	National income divided by the population of the country
351215343	Formal economy	The legal economy that governments tax and monitor
351215344	Informal economy	The illegal or uncounted economy that governments do not tax and keep track of
351215345	Modernization model	Model of economic development most closely associated with the work of economist Walter Rostow
351215346	Neo-colonialism	Major world powers control the economies of the poorer countries, even though the poorer countries are now politically independent
351215347	Structuralist theory	Economic disparities are built into system - people built, organized, and structured the world economy in a certain way that cannot be changed easily
351215348	Dependency theory	Political and economic relationships between countries and regions of the world control and limit the economic development possibilities of poorer areas
351215349	Dollarization	A countries currency was abandoned in favor of the dollar
351215350	World systems theory	Immanual Wallerstein's theory that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world
351215351	Three-tier structure	Division of the world, core, periphery, and semi-periphery, helps explain the interconnections between places in the global economy
351215352	Trafficking	Family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money and the member will earn money to send home
351215353	Structural adjustment loans	Loans granted by international financial institutions to countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms
351215354	Vectored diseases	Diseases spread by one host to another by an intermediate host or vector
351215355	Malaria	Infectious disease spread by mosquitos that carry the parasite in their saliva
351215356	Export processing zones (EPZs)	Offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to foreign firms
351215357	Maquiladoras	Zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactored goods to the U.S. market
351215358	North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)	Promoted further industrialization of the border region
351215359	Desertification	Encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation
351215360	Island of development	Governments build up and concentrates economic development in a certain city
351215361	Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)	International organizations that operate outside of the formal political area but that are nevertheless influential in spearheading initiative
351215362	Microcredit program	Give loans to poor people, particularly women, to encourage development of small businesses
351215363	Gross national income (GNI)	Calculates the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country
351215364	Context	Geographical situation in which something occurs
351215365	Special economic zones	Specific area with a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment