AP Government: Chapter 8 Vocabularty

240798377	Caucus	a closed meeting of party leaders to select party candidates
240798378	Congressional campaign committee	a committee in each party to help elect or reelect members
240798379	Democratic- republicans	the political party founded and led by Thomas Jefferson
240798380	Factional parties	parties formed by a split within one of the major parties
240798381	Factions	a name applied by some of the Founders to political parties, to connote their tendency toward divisiveness
240798382	Federalists	the political party founded and led by Alexander Hamilton
240798383	Ideological parties	parties that value principle above all else
240798384	Initiative	an election in which citizens can place on the legislative agenda proposals by nongovernment groups
240798385	Machine	a party unit that recruits members with tangible rewards and that is tightly controlled by the leadership
240798386	Mugwumps	a name for party volunteers who later come to form their own reform movement
240798387	National chair	the person elected and paid to manage the day to day work of a national political party
240798388	National committee	delegates from each state who manage party affairs between conventions
240798389	National convention	a meeting of elected party delegates every four years to nominate presidential and vice presidential candidates and ratify a campaign platform
240798390	Nonpartisan election	an election in which candidates for office are not identified by party labels
240798391	Organizational party	a party that stresses national organization to raise money and give assistance to local candidates and party units
240798392	Personal following	the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks
240798393	Plurality system	an electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes but not necessarily a majority of votes
240798394	Political machine	a party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage
240798395	Political party	a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label
240798396	Progressives	a name for party volunteers who later come to form their own reform movement
240798397	Proportional representation	an electoral system that distributes numerous seats to parties on the basis of their percentage of their popular vote
240798398	Referendum	an election in which citizens directly approve or disapprove legislation proposed by the government
240798399	Second-party system	the arrangement of political parties initiated by Andrew Jackson
240798400	Solidary groups	parties organized around sociability, rather than tangible rewards or ideology
240798401	Solidary incentives	the social rewards that lead people to join political organizations
240798402	Stalwarts	a name for a party professional, as opposed to volunteers
240798403	Superdelegates	elected officials who serve as delegates to the national convention
240798404	Two party system	an electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in state and national elections
240798405	Winner-take-all	an elected system that gives the only office to the candidate with the largest vote total, rather than appointing numerous offices by the percentage of total vote