Unit VII: Cities and Urban Land Use

287480074	cities and urban land use	unrestricted growth around the city fingers is often matched by a loss of population in the inner city areas, leaving existing housing and services underused. In the process, demand for land and building materials increases pressure on the Earth's resources.
287480075	agglomeration	the act of collecting in a mass
287480076	barriadas	Squatter settlements found in the periphery of Latin American cities.
287480077	bid rent theory	theory that explains how real estate values change with distance from CBD
287480078	blockbusting	A process by which real state agents convince white property owners to sell their homes at low prices because of fear that black families will move into the neighborhood
287480079	central business district	The area of the city where retail and office activities are clustered.
287480080	census tract	An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods
287480081	centrality	the property of being central
287480082	centralization	the act of consolidating power under a central control
287480083	central place theory	A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services
287480084	walter christaller	Came up with the Central Place Theory in 1903
287480085	city	people living in a large densely populated municipality
287480086	cityscapes	similar to a landscape, yet of a city (cityscapes often show the city's skyline, which is the CBD).
287480087	colonial city	cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers
287480088	commercialization	the act of commercializing something
287480089	commuter zone	The last ring of the Concentric zone model, past the built up area of the city, where people travel into and out of the city.
287480090	concentric zone model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
287480091	counterurbanization	Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
287480092	decentralization	the spread of power away from the center to local branches or governments
287480093	deindustrialization	loss of the industrial activity in a region
287480094	early cities	Cities of the ancient world (-3500 to -1200) (We learned about how agriculture and language began in this era.
287480095	economic base	A community's collection of basic industries.
287480096	edge city	a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area
287480097	emerging cities	City currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate (learned about cities that are growing at a fast rate)
287480098	employment structure	Number of people employed with both basic and nonbasic jobs
287480099	entrepot	a depository for goods
287480100	ethnic neighborhood	an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background
287480101	favela	a slum community
287480102	female headed household	a household dominated by a woman
287480103	festival landscape	a landscape of cultural festivities (We learned about the culture.)
287480104	gateway city	Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.
287480105	gender	the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles
287480106	gentrification	the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)
287480107	ghetto	a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions
287480108	globalization	growth to a global or worldwide scale
287480109	great cities	a city with a population of more then 1 million
287480110	high tech corridors	an area along a limited-access highway that houses offices and other services associated with high-tech industries
287480111	hinterland	a remote and undeveloped area
287480112	hydraulic civilization	A civilization based on large-scale irrigation
287480113	indigenous city	a center of population, commerce, and culture that is native to a country
287480114	in-filling	New building on empty parcels of land within a checkerboard pattern of development
287480115	informal sector	the portion of an economy largely outside government control in which employees work without contracts or benefits
287480116	infrastructure	the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area
287480117	inner city	the older and more populated and (usually) poorer central section of a city
287480118	invasion and succession	Process by which new immigrants to a city move to and dominate or take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups.
287480119	lateral commuting	commuting that occurs between suburban areas rather than towards the central city.
287480120	medieval cities	Many European cities characterized by narrow winding streets and an ornate church inherited their organization from
287480121	megacities	cities with more than 10 million people
287480122	megalopolis/conurbation	An overgrown urban area created by the gradual merging of several metropolitan areas
287480123	metropolitan area	a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it
287480124	multiple nuclei model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
287480125	multiplier effect	An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.
287480126	neighborhood	people living near one another
287480127	office park	A cluster of office bulidings, usually located along an interstate, often forming the nucleus of an edge city
287480128	peak land value intersection	The most accessible and costly parcel of land in the central business district and, therefore, in the entire urbanized area.
287480129	planned communities	A city built to a definite plan
287480130	postindustrial city	a city in which global finances and the electronic flow of information dominate the economy
289243165	postmodern urban landscape	...
289243166	primate city	...
289243167	racial steering	...
289243168	rank size rule	...
289243169	redlining	...
289243170	restrictive covenants	...
289243171	sector model	A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).
289243172	segregation	a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups
289243173	settlement form	nucleated, dispersed, elongated
289243174	shopping mall	mercantile establishment consisting of a carefully landscaped complex of shops representing leading merchandisers
289243175	site/situation	the internal physical attributes of a place/the external locational attributes of a place.
289243176	slum	a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions
289243177	social structure	the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
289243178	specialization	the special line of work you have adopted as your career
289243179	squatter settlement	An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
289243180	street pattern	type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.
289243181	suburb	a residential district located on the outskirts of a city
289243182	suburbanization	The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe.
289243183	symbolic landscape	smaller landscapes that symbolize a bigger area or category. iconic landscapes, i.e. the state capitol symbolizes WI. every landscape can symbolize something, but these are focal points for people's attention
289243184	tenement	a rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards
289243185	threshold/range	The population required to make provision of services economically feasible./In economic geography and central place theory, the minimum market needed to support the supply of a product or service
289243186	town	the people living in a municipality smaller than a city
289243187	underclass	A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
289243188	underemployment	the condition when people work at jobs for which they are overqualified or that do not utilize their skills
289243189	urban growth rate	Rate at which urban area size increases
289243190	urban function	Services that are provided in a certain metropolitan area
289243191	urban hearth area	A region in which the world's first cities evolved
289243192	urban heat island	Local heat buildup in an area of high population density
289243193	urban hierarchy	a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions
289243194	urban hydrology	how a city deals with getting clean water to its citizens, removing dirty water and cleaning it, and the putting it back into the world's rivers and oceans
289243195	urban morphology	the study of the physical form and structure of urban places
289243196	urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
289243197	urbanized population	the proportion of a country's population living in cities
289243198	world city	Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.
289243199	zone in transition	An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban
289243200	zoning	dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc