State of Consciousness- Chapter 5

284589675	Consciousness	Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
284589676	Circadian Rhythm	The biological clock regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
284589677	REM Sleep	Rapid eye movement sleep a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
284589678	Alpha Waves	The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
284589679	Sleep	Periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.
284589680	Hallucinations	False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
284589681	Delta Waves	The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
284589682	NREM sleep	Non-rapid eye movement sleep encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.
284589683	Insomnia	Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
284589684	Narcolepsy	A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
284589685	Sleep Apnea	A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
284589686	Night Terrors	A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
285557314	Dream	A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
285557315	Manifest Content	According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).
285557316	Latent content	According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct form its manifest content).
285557317	REM rebound	The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).
285557318	Hypnosis	A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another ( the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
285557319	Posthypnotic Suggestion	A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject in no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
285557320	Dissociation	A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
285557321	Psychoactive Drug	A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
285557322	Tolerance	The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
285557323	Withdrawal	The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
285557324	Physical Dependence	A Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
285557325	Psychological Dependence	A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
285557326	Addiction	Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.
285557327	Depressants	Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
285557328	Barbiturates	Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
285557329	Opiates	Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
285557330	Stimulants	Drugs( such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
285557331	Amphetamines	Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
285557332	Methamphetamine	A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
285557333	Ecstasy (MDMA)	A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
285557334	Hallucinogens	Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
285557335	LSD	A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid ( Lysergic Acid diethylamide)
285557336	Near-Death Experience	An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death ( such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug induced hallucinations.
285557337	THC	The major active ingredient in marijuana; a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.