ap euro reformation

11948792	Protestant	nobles who protested against the Catholic Church and the pope, first in Germany
11948793	Erasmus	laid the egg that Luther hatched; made his own trans. of the New Testament
11948794	indulgences	sold by Tetzel, sparked Luther's criticism
11948795	Ninety-Five Theses	authored by Luther, criticizing Catholic Church
11948796	transubstantiation	bread and wine literally changes into body and blood of Christ
11948797	consubstantiation	Christ is present, but so are bread and wine
11948798	Peasants' Revolt	Germany, 1520s; sought lower taxes, common land rights, higher wages; not supported by Luther
11948799	Anabaptists	believed in adult baptism, complete separation of church and state, abstaining from public service and military service
11948800	Schmalkaldic War	religious wars in 1530s/1540s between nobles (Protestant v. Catholic); led to Peace of Augsburg
11948801	Peace of Augsburg	1555; between nobles in HRE
11948802	cuius regio eius religio	prince determines religion of his region (Catholic or Lutheran only)
11948803	Institutes of the Christian Religion	main work written by Calvin
11948804	ultramontanism	elevated authority of the pope
11948805	Ecclesiastical Reservation	Catholic Church lands taken away by Lutherans, ensuing dispute
11948806	Michael Servetus	anti Trinitarian executed by Calvin
11948807	Justification by faith alone	Lutheran belief that faith is the way to salvation
11948808	Solas	sola scriptora, fidei, gratia (scripture, faith, grace)
11948809	Zwingli	centered in Zurich, Switzerland; disagreed with Luther's Eucharist, thought it was more a symbolic memorial
11948810	Menno Simmons	leader of later Anabaptists; from the Netherlands
11948811	Edward VI	son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; successor of Henry VIII; Protestant-extended Lutheranism into England; associated with Book of Common Prayer
11948812	Mary Tudor	daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon; married Philip of Spain; burned Cranmer
11948813	Elizabeth I	daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; Act of Supremacy made her head of Anglican Church; known for media via
11948814	Thomas More	killed for not supporting Henry's Act of Supremacy
11948815	Thomas Cromwell	shut down monasteries and added them to Henry's treasury and wealth
11948816	Council of Trent	main reform of the Catholic Church from 1540s-1560s
11948817	Luther	often considered the beginner of the Reformation; famous for opposition of the selling of indulgences
11948818	Calvin	famous for his theocracy in Geneva
11948819	Index of Prohibited Books	part of the counter Reformation, essentially "banned" books that contradicted Catholic teachings
11948820	Vulgate	Catholic Bible commonly used during the era
11948821	predestination	Calvinist belief; elect go to heaven, reprobate go to hell
11948822	elect	destined to go to heaven
11948823	reprobate	majority destined to go to hell
11948824	Henry VIII	Tudor monarch of England; infamous for his six wives; Act of Supremacy made him head of Church of England; split from Catholic Church due to divorce dispute
11948825	Act of Supremacy	made Henry VIII and later Elizabeth I the heads of the church in England
11948826	Anglican Church	founded by Elizabeth I
11948827	Thirty-Nine Articles	main beliefs of the Anglican Church
11948828	St. Ignatius of Loyola	founder of Jesuit order
11948829	Thomas Cranmer	author of the Book of Common Prayer; burned at the stake by Mary Tudor
11948830	Marburg Colloquy	conference between Luther and Zwingli regarding differences in their belief of the Eucharist
11948831	Edict of Worms	imperial assembly in which Luther argued his beliefs
11948832	"Here I stand, I can do no other"	said by Luther at the Edict of Worms
11948833	Paul III	called the Council of Trent, approved Jesuit order
11948834	theocracy	religious leaders also lead state
11948835	Society of Jesus	founded by Ignatius of Loyola
11948836	Spiritual Exercises	created by Ignatius of Loyola; exercises to build faith
11948837	Roman Inquisition	similar to Spanish Inquisition, head up by Charles V
11948838	St. John of the Cross	example of spirituality and mysticism of counter-Reformation
11948839	St. Teresa of Avila	example of spirituality and mysticism of counter-Reformation; reformed nunneries
11948840	Catholic Reformation	"Counter-Reformation"
11948841	Cardinal Wolsey	failed to get an annulment for Henry VIII and was beheaded for it
11948842	Schleitheim Confession	confession of belief for Anabaptists
11948843	Charles V	HRE, nephew of Catherine of Aragon; ruled over Low Countries, Spain, Mexico, Austria
11948844	Protestant education	focused on the Bible, cleanliness, work ethic, good citizenship
11948845	John Knox	spread Calvinism to Scotland
11948846	Albert of Mainz	archbishop over Tetzel; collected fees from sales of indulgences