13. Roaring 20's and the Depression
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 64080328 | Muscle Shoals | musicians were white, singers black (Alabama) | |
| 64080329 | Federal Farm Board | (HH) , Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; it offered farmers insurance against loss of crops due to drought; flood; or freeze. It did not guarantee profit or cover losses due to bad farming. | |
| 64081940 | An American Tragedy | Theodore Dreiser. (1925) Clyde Griffiths, whose troubles with women and the law take him from his religious upbringing in Kansas city, to the town of Lycurgus, New York. Materialistic Hortense Briggs, farm girl Roberta Alden (who drowns), aristocratic Sondra Finchley. Clyde is found guilty of murdering Roberta, and sentenced to death. Abortion, societal ills. | |
| 64081941 | The Waste Land | famous poem written by eliot, giving a despairing description of a world without faith, incapable of restoring spiritual and moral values. | |
| 64081942 | fundamentalists | Conservative Christians who as a group have become more active in politics in the last two decades and were espeically influential in the 2000 presidential election. | |
| 64081943 | Henry Ford | United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947) | |
| 64081944 | flappers | carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom. | |
| 64081945 | Harlem Rennaissance | A literary/artistic movement during 1920's celebrating African American culture | |
| 64081946 | Marcus Garvey | Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business | |
| 64081947 | Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) | |
| 64081948 | Young Plan | program for settlement of German reparations after World War I. Presented by American Owen D. Young. Set the total reparations at $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. Was adopted by the Allied Powers in 1930 to supersede the Dawes Plan. | |
| 64081949 | Teapot Dome Scandal | a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921 | |
| 64081950 | tax cuts | 25% cut for all though it left more money in the hands of the wealthy (Reaganomics) | |
| 64081951 | Progressive Party | a former political party in the United States | |
| 64081952 | The Lost Generation | a group of American writers that rebelled against America's lack of cosmopolitan culture in the early 20th century. Many moved to cultural centers such as London in Paris in search for literary freedom. Prominent writers included T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and Ernest Hemingway among others. | |
| 64081953 | Ernest Hemmingway | The Sun also Rises, rootless wanderings of young people who lack motivation | |
| 64081954 | prohibition | the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof) | |
| 64081955 | Immigration Acts | Set of laws starting in 1921 that set qoutas for the number of immigrants let in. | |
| 64081956 | Scopes Trial | a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school | |
| 64081957 | The Jazz Singer | 1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer; Al Jolson. | |
| 64081958 | the New Woman | dissatisfaction with the of domesticity, began to celebrate female virtue and support social and political responsibility of women, confidence to break ideals and compete with men, clubs, colleges, divorce, bicycling | |
| 64081959 | Langston Hughes | This man was well known for making the Harlem Renaissance famous because of his poems. | |
| 64081960 | Spirit of St. Louis | single engine plane in which Lindberg made the first transatlantic flight | |
| 64081961 | Dawes Plan | A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. | |
| 64081962 | Kellogg Briand Treaty | (CC) 1928 by Frank Kellogg, pledge to reject war as international policy | |
| 64142697 | Bonus Army | an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups, who protested in Washington, D.C., in spring and summer of 1932 | |
| 64142698 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region | |
| 64142699 | Election of 1932 | took place as the effects of the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse, or deal with prohibition | |
| 64142700 | Emergency Banking Relief Act | Recovery: (EBRA) March 9, 1933; closed insolvent banks, reorganized strong banks, aided banks overall; 5000 banks inspected and reopened; examiners inspected banks; gave president power to regulate transactions in credit, currency, gold, silver, and foreign exchange | |
| 64142701 | Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act | law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States and introduced banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation | |
| 64142702 | National Industrial Recovery Act | was an American statute which authorized the President of the United States to regulate industry and permit cartels and monopolies in an attempt to stimulate economic recovery, and which established a national public works program | |
| 64142703 | the Blue Eagle | The design was sketched by Johnson, and based on an idea utilized by the War Industries Board during World War I.[1][3] The eagle holds a wheel, symbolizing industry, in its right talon, and bolts of lightning in its left talon, symbolizing power.[4] | |
| 64142704 | Agricultural Adjustment Act | Recovery: (AAA); May 12, 1933; restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936 | |
| 64142705 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration | Relief: 1932; (FERA) response to Federal Emergency Relief Act; headed by Harry Hopkins; fought adult unemployment, gave money away, short term solution to unemployment; gave state/localities $3.1 billion; 20,000,000 got work; lasted from May 1933 to December 1935 | |
| 64142706 | PWA | (Public Works Administration) Relief and Recovery. Harold Ikes was in charge. It was a longterm and industrial recovery and an unemployment relief. | |
| 64142707 | Harry Hopkins | A New York social worker who headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and Civil Works Administration. He helped grant over 3 billion dollars to the states wages for work projects, and granted thousands of jobs for jobless Americans. p778 | |
| 64142708 | HOLC | (Home Owners' Loan Corporation) Relief and Recovery. Helped home-owners and mortgage companies. government payed companies for the home-owners so they could keep their homes and pay off w/ lower interest and longer time. | |
| 64142709 | SEC | an independent federal agency that oversees the exchange of securities to protect investors | |
| 64142710 | TVA | (Tennessee Valley Authority Act) Relief, Recover, and Reform. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area. | |
| 64142711 | NYA | National Youth Administration: established by WPA to reduce competition for jobs by supporting education and training of youth | |
| 64142712 | Wagner Act | 1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. | |
| 64142713 | Fair Labor Standards Act | United States federal law. It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim an exemption from coverage. The FLSA established a national minimum wage, guaranteed 'time-and-a-half' for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term defined in the statute. | |
| 64142714 | John L. Lewis | United Mine Workers of America leader who organized the coal miners strike | |
| 64142715 | Oakies | the name commonly given to refugees from the Great Plains seeking to escape the dust bowl | |
| 64142716 | Francis Perkins | FDR appoints her to be secretary of labor; the first female cabinet holder; inspected factories after the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | |
| 64142717 | Keynesian economics | Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms. | |
| 64142718 | Share the Wealth | movement begun during the Great Depression by Huey Long, a governor and later United States Senator from Louisiana | |
| 64142719 | Election of 1936 | most lopsided presidential election in the history of the United States in terms of electoral votes. In terms of the popular vote, it was the third biggest victory since the election of 1820, which was not seriously contested | |
| 64142720 | Court Packing | attempt by Roosevelt to appoint one new Supreme Court justice for every sitting justice over the age of 70 who had been there for at least 10 years. Wanted to prevent justices from dismantling the new deal. Plan died in congress and made opponents of New Deal inflamed. | |
| 64142721 | Hatch Act | A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. | |
| 64142722 | RFC | Passed in January 1932, this measure loaned money to businesses and provided funds for state and local programs providing relief | |
| 64142723 | Hoovervilles | name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression. They were named after the President of the United States at the time, Herbert Hoover, because he allegedly let the nation slide into depression. | |
| 64142724 | Norris-LaGuardia Act | a United States federal law that made yellow-dog contracts, or those in which a worker agreed as a condition of employment that he would not join a labor union, unenforceable in federal court; the common title followed from the names of the sponsors of the legislation: Republican Senator George Norris of Nebraska and Representative Fiorello H. La Guardia of New York. | |
| 64142725 | 20th amendment | reduce the amount of time between the election of the President and Congress and the beginning of their terms. | |
| 64142726 | 21st amendment | ended prohibition | |
| 64142727 | Hundred Days | the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days. | |
| 64142728 | Relief, Recovery, Reform | the 3 Rs of the new deal roosevelt's administrations | |
| 64142729 | FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits initially of up to $2500, raised to $5000 in 1934, and frequently thereafter; continues today with a limit of $100,000 | |
| 64142730 | NRA | a powerful lobby that advocates the right to own and bear arms and rejects any gun regulation by the government | |
| 64142731 | CCC | Civilian Conservation Corps. It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc. | |
| 64142732 | Civil Works Administration | established by the New Deal during the Great Depression to create jobs for millions of unemployed. The jobs were merely temporary, for the duration of the hard winter. Harry L. Hopkins was put in charge of the organization | |
| 64142733 | WPA | Work Progress Administration: Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting; disbanded by FDR during WWII | |
| 64142734 | Federal Arts Project | Project designed to provide jobs for unemployed artists to design posters, offer art courses, and paint murals on public buildings. (way for struggling artists to have a job and for the community to benefit as well) | |
| 64142735 | FHA | the federal agency in the Department of Housing and Urban Development that insures residential mortgages | |
| 64142736 | Joseph Kennedy | This individual was appointed chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This commission was the "police force" of Wall Street—new regulations for trading stocks | |
| 64142737 | Rural Electrification Administration | By 1939 the REA had helped to establish 417 rural electric cooperatives, which served 288,000 households. The actions of the REA encouraged private utilities to electrify the countryside as well. By 1939 rural households with electricity had risen to 25 percent | |
| 64142738 | Indian Reorganization Act | a U.S. federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Alaska Natives.[1] These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis | |
| 64142739 | NLRB | National labor Relations Board: (established by Wagner Act) Greatly enhanced power of American labor by overseeing collective bargaining; continues to arbitrate labor-management disputes today | |
| 64142740 | Congress of Industrial Organization | formed to encourage the AFL to organize workers in mass production industries along industrial union lines. The CIO failed to change AFL policy from within. On September 10, 1936, the AFL suspended all 10 CIO unions (two more had joined in the previous year) | |
| 64142741 | Dust Bowl | western Kansas and Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern Colorado and New Mexico; long periods of drought and destructive farming methods ruined farming in the region | |
| 64142742 | John Steinbeck | American novelist who wrote "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to California to look for a better life. | |
| 64142743 | Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women | |
| 64142744 | Huey Long | As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc | |
| 64142745 | Father Charles Coughlin | A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. His radio show morphed into being severly against Jews during WWII and he was eventually kicked off the air, however before his fascist (?) rants, he was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal. | |
| 64142746 | Social Security Act | a social insurance program funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Tax deposits are formally entrusted to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, or the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund | |
| 64142747 | Charles Evans Hughes | He was a Republican governor of New York who was a reformer. He was later a supreme court justice who ran for President against Woodrow Wilson in 1916. | |
| 64143062 | Billy Sunday | an American athlete who, after being a popular outfielder in baseball's National League during the 1880s, became the most celebrated and influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century | |
| 64143063 | Twenty-One Demands | a set of demands made by the Empire of Japan under Prime Minister Ōkuma Shigenobu sent to the nominal government of the Republic of China on January 18, 1915, resulting in two treaties with Japan on May 25, 1915. | |
| 64143064 | 5:5:3:1.75:1.75 naval ratio | The Three Power Geneva Naval Conference of 1927 was a gathering of the United States, Great Britain and Japan, to discuss making joint limitations to their naval capacities. The conference was a failure -- the parties did not reach agreement and the naval arms race continued unabated after the conference. | |
| 64143065 | Pan-African movement | Movement dedicated to establishing independence for African nations and cultivating unity among black people throughout the world. It originated in conferences held in London (1900, 1919, 1921, 1923) and other cities. W.E.B. Du Bois was a principal early leader | |
| 64143066 | Washington Naval Conference | a military conference called by the administration of President Warren G. Harding and held in Washington, D.C. from 12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922. Conducted outside the auspices of the League of Nations, it was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. Soviet Russia was not invited to the conference. It was the first international conference held in the United States and the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement | |
| 64143067 | Smoot-Hawley Tariff | an act signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels |