Chapter 28 Protists (Supergroup)
From Campbell Biology (9th Edition)
Five super groups and their corresponding characteristics.
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| 326369949 | Excavata | Super group characterized by cytoskeleton where some members have "excavated" feeding groove | |
| 326369950 | Excavata | Super group contains Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Euglenozans | |
| 326369951 | Chromalveolata | Super group contains sub-groups alveolates and stramenopiles | |
| 326369952 | Rhizaria | Supergroup contains group Forams and Radiolarians | |
| 326369953 | Archaeplastida | Supergroup contains groups red and green algae | |
| 326369954 | Unikonta | Supergroup contains sub-group Amoebozoans | |
| 326369955 | Excavata / Diplomonads | Group containing MODIFIED mitochondria called "mitosomes" | |
| 326369956 | Excavata / Diplomonads | Group derives its energy anerobically, lacking electron transport chain (i.e. glycolysis) | |
| 326369957 | Excavata / Diplomonads | Have two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella | |
| 326369958 | Excavata | Supergroup is often parasitic (i.e. giardia intestinalis) | |
| 326369959 | Excavata / Parabasalids | Group has REDUCED mitocondria called "hydrogenosomes" that generagte some energy anaerobically and release hydrogen as gas as a byproduct | |
| 326369960 | Excavata / Parabasalids | Group is contains parasitic organisms such as Trichomonas baginalis - pathogen that causes yeast infections. SDT. Feeds on vaginal lining. | |
| 326369961 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group contains predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and pathogenic parasites | |
| 326369962 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group is defined as a clade due to spiral or crystalline rod within flagella | |
| 326369963 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group contains parasitic organism such as Trypanosoma (causes sleeping sickness in humans) by bite from Tsetse flye | |
| 326369964 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group contains parasitic organism such a Chasas disease - leads to CHF | |
| 326369965 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group often switch surface protiens, making it difficult for imune systems to naturally kill it. | |
| 326369966 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group contains mixotroph that contains a euglenid with a pocket from which one or two flagella emerge | |
| 326369967 | Excavata / Euglenozoa | Group contains organism with an eyespot - pigmented organelle and light detector | |
| 326369968 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates | Sub group has membrane bound sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrade. | |
| 326369969 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates | Sub group includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates | |
| 326369970 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group contains diverse group of aquatic mixotrophs and hetertrops | |
| 326369971 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group where organisms cells are reinforced by plates of cellulose | |
| 326369972 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group whose organisms contain two flagella between two plates of cellulose that make it spin in H2O | |
| 326369973 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group is an abundant component of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton | |
| 326369974 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group contributes to red tide (due to carotenoid pigment) | |
| 326369975 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group produces toxins that can kill aquatic life and can be found in mollusks | |
| 326369976 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Dinoflagellates | Group can be biolumenescent | |
| 326369977 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group is parasitic to animals and some cause serious human diseases | |
| 326369978 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group is spread through host by sporozites | |
| 326369979 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group contains organismis where one end of sporizoite cell, the apex, contains a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating a host | |
| 326369980 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group contains organisms that have sexual and asexual stages which require two or more different hosts for completion | |
| 326369981 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group contains Plasmodium carried by anopheles mosquitoes and humans | |
| 326369982 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group responsible for killing 2 million people through malaria each year | |
| 326369983 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Apicomplexan | Group whose surface of cells constantly change to avoid immune system | |
| 326369984 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group of protists named for their use of cilia to move and feed. | |
| 326369985 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group whose organism are entirely covered (or are clustered in a few rows) with cillia | |
| 326369986 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group may have leg-like structures that are just many cilia bonded together | |
| 326369987 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group may have two or more nuclei - one large, and one micro. Micro = conjugagtion Macro = daily function | |
| 326369988 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group reproduces by binary fission, with macro nucleus disintigrating, and being reformed by micronucleus | |
| 326369989 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates | Group includes Paramecium | |
| 326369990 | Chromalveolata / Alveolates / Ciliates / Paramecium | Organism pumps water out of cell for mobility using contractile vacuole. Has oral groove. | |
| 326369991 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles: | Clade which includes several groups of hetertrophs as well as certain groups of algae - most have a hairy AND smooth flagellum | |
| 326369992 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group containing unicellular algae with a unique two-part glass-like wall of hydrated silica (silicone dioxide) | |
| 326369993 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group with organism with two parts which fit together like a shoebox (lid and box) | |
| 326369994 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group with walls with holes provide protection from crushing predators | |
| 326369995 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group which reproduces asexually by mitosis, where daughter cell receives half of the wall from the parent, and the other half it produces itself. May also occaisionally reproduce sexually | |
| 326369996 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group is a major component of phytoplankton for both oceans and lakes and are highly diversy (over 100,000 sp) | |
| 326369997 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group stores energy in the form of a glucose polymer called laminarin or oil molecules | |
| 326369998 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Diatoms | Group whose fossilized remains compose much of sediments known as diatomaceous earth | |
| 326369999 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden Algae | Group named for their color which results from yellow and brown cartenoids | |
| 326370000 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden Algae | Group which is biflagellated - containing both flagella near one end | |
| 326370001 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden Algae | Group which is all photo synthetic, but with some mixotrophic, and compose fresh and marine plankton | |
| 326370002 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden Algae | Group is mostly unicellular, but some members are colonial | |
| 326370003 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Golden Algae | Group can produce protective cysts that last for decades if environmnet deteteriorate (similar to endospores) | |
| 326370004 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group is multicellular, and the largest and most complex algae, most are marine | |
| 326370005 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group is found predominantly in temperate coasts in cooler H2O | |
| 326370006 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group is brown or olive color due to cartenoids, commonly called "seaweed" and kelp forests. | |
| 326370007 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group has the most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae | |
| 326370008 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group is plantlike, but lacks true root, stems and leaves, body is called a thallus. | |
| 326370009 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Brown Algae | Group has a root-like hold fast that anchors the stem-like stipe, which supports the blades. Is also for culinary purposes. | |
| 326370010 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Oomycetes | Group is fungus-like and includes water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews | |
| 326370011 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Oomycetes | Group contains filaments that resemble fungal hyphae | |
| 326370012 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Oomycetes | Group is a fungus due to cellulose composing cell wall instead of chiten (ch-eye-ten) :) | |
| 326370013 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Oomycetes | Group are considered decomposers or parasites with hyphae that facilitate nutrient uptake | |
| 326370014 | Chromalveolata / Stramenopiles / Oomycetes | Group includes Phythopthora, which caused potato blight - turning stalk and stems to black slime. | |
| 326370015 | Rhizaria | Supergroup includes Amoebas with thread like pseudopods | |
| 326370016 | Rhizaria | Supergroup Includes Forams and Radiolarians | |
| 326370017 | Rhizaria / Forams | Group is named for porus, multichambered shells called tests | |
| 326370018 | Rhizaria / Forams | Group is composed of calcium carbonate | |
| 326370019 | Rhizaria / Forams | Group has organisms whose pseudopodia extend through pores in the test | |
| 326370020 | Rhizaria / Forams | Group is found in fresh and marine, and attach to rock or algae, and some in plankton | |
| 326370021 | Rhizaria / Forams | Group has Tests which can be found in marine sediments, and form an extensive fossil record | |
| 326370022 | Rhizaria / Radiolarians | Group has tests fused into one delicate piece made of silica (glass) | |
| 326370023 | Rhizaria / Radiolarians | Group uses pseudopodia to engulf microorganisms through phagocytosis - with web-like microtubuals (covered with cytoplasm) between microtubles. | |
| 326370024 | Archaeoplastida | Supergroup includes red algae, green alagae, and land plants | |
| 326370025 | Archaeoplastida / Red algae | Group which contains the pigment "phycoerythrin", which overpowers green in chlorophyll - and is darker (more intense) in deep water | |
| 326370026 | Archaeoplastida / Red algae | Group with multicellular algea (largest is seaweed) found in tropics | |
| 326370027 | Archaeoplastida / Red algae | Group uses alternation of generation in this algae | |
| 326370028 | Archaeoplastida / Red algae | Group whose algae have no flagellated state in their life cycle unlike other algae | |
| 326370029 | Archaeoplastida / Red algae | Group depends on water currents to promote fertilization of gametes | |
| 326370030 | Archaeoplastida / Green algae | Group of algae named for their grass-green chloroplasts | |
| 326370031 | Archaeoplastida / Green algae | Sub-group whose two main groops are chlorphytes and charophyceans | |
| 326370032 | Archaeoplastida / Green algae | Group whose chlorophytes live in fresh water, though some live in marine | |
| 326370033 | Archaeoplastida / Green algae | Group whose chlorophytes live in damp soils as symbionts in lichens or snow | |
| 326370034 | Archaeoplastida / Green algae | Group containing unicellular, colonial, and multicellular chlorophytes | |
| 326370035 | Archaeoplastid / Green algae | Group containing chlorophytes that have complex life cycles with both sexual and asexual reporductive stages | |
| 326370036 | Unikonta | Supergroup closely related to fungi and animals, includes two clades - Amoebozoans and opisthokonts | |
| 326370037 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans | Sub-group with lobe or tube-shaped (rather than thread-like) pseudopodia. | |
| 326370038 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans | Sub-group inclues gymnamoebas, entamoebas and slime molds | |
| 326370039 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Slime molds | Group with fungus-like (yellow or orange) plasmodium - one very large cell (with multiple nucleai) that extends pseudopods to obtain food by phagocytosis | |
| 326370040 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Slime molds / Cellular slime molds | Group which has cell that feed as individuals but when food isn't available they colonize. They are also haploid organisms (only zygote is diploid) | |
| 326370041 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Gymnamoeba | Group contains unicellular amoebozoan, usually found in soil, freshwater, and marine. Heterotrophic, predatory towards bacteria and other protists | |
| 326370042 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Entamoebas | Group contains parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates. | |
| 326370043 | Unikonta / Amoebozoans / Entamoebas | Group cause amebic dysentary in humans - spread by H20, food, or eating utensils. |