Ap Biology Ch 4 & 5

200820091	Polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
200820092	monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
200820093	condensation reaction	a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule
200820094	dehydration reaction	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
200820095	hydrolysis	a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds
200820096	organic chemistry	the study of carbon compounds
200820097	monosaccharide	a sugar (like sucrose or fructose) that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars
200820098	carbohydrate	an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals
200820099	disaccharide	any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis
200820100	glycosidic linkage	A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
200820101	polysaccharide	any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
200820102	starch glycogen	Polysaccharides formed by cells and used by metabolism with energetic function
200820103	polysaccharide	any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
200820104	double helix	two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
200820105	cellulose	a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
200820106	chitin	complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods
200820107	lipid	an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
200820108	fat	lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body
200820109	fatty acid	an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
200820110	triacylglycerol	Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule
200820111	saturated fatty acid	a fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms
200820112	unsaturated fatty acid	a fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms
200820113	steroid	a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action
200820114	cholesterol	A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes.
200820115	protein	an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
200820116	conformation	The specific three dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule
200820117	Polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
200820118	amino acid	organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group
200820119	protein	any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells
200820120	peptide bond	covalent bond formed between amino acids
200820121	primary structure	The level of protein structure referring to the specific sequence of amino acids.
200820122	secondary structure	The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
200820123	alpha helix	A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.
201654284	Amine	an organic base derived from ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups
201654285	Thiol	Organic compounds containing sulfhydryl groups.
201654286	ketone	An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.
201654287	aldehyde	An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.
201654288	carboxylic acid	an organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups
201654289	disulfide bridges	Strong covalent bonds formed when the sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another cysteine monomer
201654290	quarternary structure	overall protein structure, combining 2 or more polypeptides
201654291	denaturation	loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
201654292	pyrimidine	single-ring nitrogenous base
201654293	purine	double-ring nitrogenous base, found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine
201654294	ribose	a five-carbon sugar present in RNA
201654295	deoxyribose	five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
201654296	polynucleotide	A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain; nucleotides can be those of DNA or RNA.