Ch 42: Circulatory and Respiration Systems
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 163296523 | open circulatory system | A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood | |
| 163296524 | closed circulatory system | a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels | |
| 163296525 | arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart | |
| 163296527 | capillaries | Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body. | |
| 163296530 | atrium | upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle | |
| 163296531 | ventricle | a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries | |
| 163296532 | single circulation | a circulatory system consisting of a single pump and circuit, in which blood passes from the sites of gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart | |
| 163296533 | double circulation | a circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit | |
| 163296534 | left ventricle | the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta | |
| 163296535 | superior vena cava | receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart | |
| 163296536 | inferior vena cava | receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart | |
| 163296537 | sinoatrial node | pacemaker of the heart | |
| 163296538 | AV (tricuspid) valve | A valve in the heart between each atrium and ventricle that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricles contract. | |
| 163296542 | semilunar valves | found at each of the two exits of the heart and prevents backflow of blood when the blood pumps | |
| 163296543 | atrioventricular AV node | second pacemaker of the heart, impulses from SA node travel to here | |
| 163296544 | aorta | The largest artery in the body; it conducts freshly oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues. | |
| 163296545 | endothelium | thin layer of cells that lines heart cavities and blood vessels | |
| 163296546 | systolic pressure | blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles | |
| 163296547 | diastolic pressure | the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest | |
| 163296548 | vasoconstriction | the contraction of smooth muscle in artriole walls; increase blood pressure | |
| 163296549 | vasodilation | relaxation of smooth muscles in the artrioles; causes blood pressure to fall | |
| 163296550 | nitric oxide | reactive gas that plays a role in many body processes; promotes relaxation of smooth muscles around blood vessels which dilates and improves blood flow | |
| 163296552 | erythrocytes | red blood cells that transfer oxygen and don't have a nucleus | |
| 163296553 | leukocytes | white blood cells that function in defense | |
| 163296554 | platelets | irregularly, shaped cell fragments that help clot blood | |
| 163296556 | monocytes | a leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage which devours bacteria and antigens | |
| 163296557 | neutrophils | A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease. | |
| 163296558 | basophils | a type of WBC that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses. | |
| 163296559 | eosinophils | white blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites | |
| 163296560 | lymphocytes | Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens; Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens | |
| 166747057 | Countercurrent exchange | ____ between the opposing movement of water and blood through blood vessels maximizes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon diozide into the water | |
| 166747058 | Spiracles | Oxygen enters of carbon dioxide exits the trachea through openings called | |
| 166747059 | Bronchi | Trachea bringes into 2 ____ which enter the lungs | |
| 166747060 | Air rushes into the lungs | When the lunge volume increases, the air pressure with the lungs decreases which causes | |
| 166747061 | There is an increase in respiratory rate | When carbon dixiode is in the blood, the pH drops so.. | |
| 166747062 | Lymph nodes | Enlarged bodies throughouit the lymphatic system, act as cleaning filters and as immune respone centers that defend against infection |