Psychological Disorders

14447781	psychological disorder	deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns.
14447782	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)	psychological disorder marked by appearance by age 7 of one or more of 3 key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive.
14447783	medical model	concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured. Mental illnesses can be diagnosed by symptoms and cured through therapy and medication.
14447784	DSM-IV	American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders widely used system for classifying psychological disorders created by American Psychiatric Association
14447785	anxiety disorders	category of disorders characterized by distressing, persistent nervousness and fear or maladaptive behaviors that reduce fear or nervousness.
14447786	generalized anxiety disorder	anxiety disorder in which person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
14447787	panic disorder	anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
14447788	phobia	anxiety disorders marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
14447789	obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)	anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions designed to reduce anxiety causing thoughts .
14447790	post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)	anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. Trauma must be extreme
14447791	dissociative disorders	category of disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. Key symptom - amnesia
14447792	dissociative identity disorder (DID)	rare disorder in which person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Previously called multiple personality disorder.
14447793	mood disorders	category of psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.
14447794	bipolar disorder	mood disorder in which person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania. (Formerly manic-depressive disorder.)
14447795	major depressive disorder	mood disorder in which person experiences, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.
14447796	mania	mood disorder marked by hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
14447797	delusions	false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
14447798	schizophrenia	group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.
14447799	antisocial personality disorder	personality disorder is one in which person (usually male) exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.
14447800	personality disorders	Axis II psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
23030823	axis I	DSM IV category for major categories of mental disorders
23030824	axis II	DSMIV category for personality disorders and mental retardation- longstanding conditions
23030825	axis III	DSMIV category for a place to list medical conditions (ex.- cirrhosis of the liver)
23030826	axis IV	DSMIV category diagnosis of environmental problems (victim of abuse, etc.)
23030827	axis V	DSMIV category for the rating of patients current behavior: 1= can't function and 100= functioning well
23030828	Etiology	medical model term for cause or origin of particular disorder
23030829	Prognosis	medical model term for likely course or outcome of a disorder or prediction of course it will take.
23030830	Diathesis-Stress Model	psychological theory that explains behavior as both result of biological and genetic factors ("nature"), and life experiences ("nurture").
23030831	specific phobia	person who experiences intense irrational anxiety if exposed to a particular stimulus or situation
23030832	social phobia	intense anxiety with certain social or performance situations.
23030833	agoraphobia	an unfocused fear - afraid to leave house so they cannot usually hold down a job, or carry out normal activities - become prisoners in their own homes
23030835	obsession	recurrent & persisting thoughts, impulses or images that are intrusive and inappropriate and cause anxiety
23030836	compulsion	repetitive behaviors or mental acts that relieve anxiety in OCD
23030837	somatoform	category of physical ailments/complaints that can't be explained medically
23030838	conversion disorder	type of somatoform disorder person suffers SIGNIFICANT loss of physical function, such as loss of limb movement without any physical cause
23030839	hypochondriasis	type of somatoform disorder where person has preoccupation with idea that there is something terribly wrong with their health - gross misinterpretation of symptoms
23030840	dissociative amnesia	dissociative disorder with loss of memory for info about themselves & their life experiences without physical cause. Typically memory loss limited to time surrounding traumatic event - traumatic events disappear from memory.
23030841	dissociative fugue	type of dissociative disorder that involves fleeing one's home and identity for days, months, or years to escape stress - amnesia plus travel
65690880	Dysthymia	low-grade chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than those of severe depression but are present on a majority of days for 2 or more years
65690883	hallucinations	false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
65691770	paranoid schizophrenia	schizophrenia characterized by systematic and organized delusions and hallucinations. Delusions of persecution and grandeur or both.
65691771	delusion of grandeur	exaggerated belief about one's importance, wealth, power, or talents
65691772	delusion of persecution	delusion in which one is being attacked or conspired against, characteristic of paranoid schizophrenia.
65692088	catatonic schizophrenia	type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity.
65692089	undifferentiated schizophrenia	mixture of symptoms and does not meet the diagnostic criteria for any one type of schizophrenia
65692090	residual schizophrenia	subtype of schizophrenic disorder for people who have had at least one previous schizophrenic episode but are showing an absence of prominent psychotic features; there is continuing evidence of two or more symptoms, such as marked social isolation, peculiar behaviors, blunted affect, odd beliefs or unusual perceptual experiences.
65692091	paranoid personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by extreme mistrust of others and a highly suspicious attitude
65692722	schizoid personality disorder	personality disorder in which person has no interest in relationships with other people, lack emotional responsiveness
65692723	avoidant personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by inhibition in social situations; feelings of inadequacy; oversensitivity to criticism - these individuals want relationships but are not good at it
65692724	dependent personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by helplessness; excessive need to be taken care of; submissive and clinging behavior; difficulty in making decisions
65692725	narcissistic personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance
65692726	histrionic personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior. Seeks attention even if it is negative
65692727	borderline personality disorder	personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsive behavior; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures; often drug, alcohol or other addictions
65692995	positive symptoms schizophrenia	symptoms most individuals do not normally experience but are present in schizophrenia. delusions, auditory hallucinations, and thought disorder
65692996	negative symptoms of schizophrenia	Things that are not there that should be there in schizophrenics - missing emotion, Flat affect - flat emotions, Low motivation and drive, withdrawal from others, labored speech
65692997	dopamine hypothesis	theory that schizophrenia is caused by an excess amount of dopamine in the brain. Research has found that medication to reduce dopamine can reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
154459155	Rosenhan Study	study in which healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals after saying they were hearing voices. Once in, they acted normally and still were not labeled as impostors.
154459156	cyclothymic	People exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance.
154459157	word salad	jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia
154459158	clang associations	psychotic speech in which words are rhymed and spoken for their appealing sound found in some schizophrenics
154459159	flight of ideas	confused state in which thoughts and speech go in all directions with no unifying concept (can't finish one thought 'cause they're all coming at once) seen in mania and schizophrenia
154459160	flat affect	Lack of emotional response; no expression of feelings; voice monotonous
154459161	waxy flexibility	feature of catatonic schizophrenia in which people rigidly maintain the body position or posture in which they are placed by others