Chemistry SAT

181570423	rutherford experiment	Alpha particles pass thru gold foil ►atom = nucleus +empty space
181570424	mass spectroscopy	Separates isotopes based on mass of particles. Lighter particles are deflected farther.
181570425	alpha particle	Helium nucleus
181570426	beta particle	electron
181570427	gamma ray	no charge
181570428	positron	positive electron
181570429	law of multiple proportions	when two elements, A and B, combine in more than one compound, the B masses have a whole number ratio
181570430	anhydrides	oxides react w/ water to form acids or bases
181570431	acidic anhydrides	from nonmetallic oxides
181570432	basic anhydrides	from metallic oxides
181570433	electrolytic solutions	the more it ionizes the better
181570434	ionic compound	good electrolyte
181570435	covalent compound	poor electrolyte
181570436	polar molecule	bad electrolyte
181570437	brownian movement	colloidal particles move in zigzag motion
181570438	deliquescent	(especially of certain salts) becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air
181570439	litmus paper	Used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic. Bases turn red litmus blue. Acids turn blue Linus red.
181570440	boyle's law	P1V1=P2V2
181570441	charle's law	V1/T1 = V2/T2
181570442	Dalton's law of partial pressure	P total=P1+P2+P3...
181570443	graham's law of effusion	rate1/rate2=√(MM2/mm1)
181570444	molarity	number of moles of solute per liter of solution
181570445	molality	moles of solute/Kg of solvent
181570446	hess's law	the overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process
181570447	bohr model of an atom	dense and positive nucleus, negative electrons
181570448	max # of electrons per orbital	2n squared
181570449	avagadro's law	equal volumes of different gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules
181570450	law of definite composition	a compound always contains two or more elements combined in a definite proportion by mass
181570451	faraday's law	an electric field is induced in any region of space iun which a magnetic field is changing with time; the magnitude of the induced electric field is proportional to the rate at which the magnetic field changes
181570452	first law of thermodynamics	energy is neither created nor destroyed, but may be converted from one form to another
181570453	second law of thermodynamics	a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature
181570454	henry's law	The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
181570455	percent error	measured value - accepted value / accepted value
181570456	percent yield	actual yield / expected yield
181570457	gibbs free energy	▲G=▲H-T▲S
181570458	pauli exclusion	Orbital can hold at most 2 electrons. To occupy same orbital, electron must have opposite spin.
181570459	hund's law	each subshell in an orbital must have one electron before pairing up
181570460	aufbau principle	an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it
181570461	le chatlier's principle	if equilibrium is disturbed, the reaction will shift in a direction to relieve the disturbance
181570462	ester	contains an internal O=C-O- group
181570463	ether	R-O-R
181570464	alcohol	hydroxyl group
181570465	carboxyl group	cooh