AP English Junior LEAP Flashcards

31429784	Abstract	refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images	0
31429785	Ad Hominem	in an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponents ideas; it comes from the Latin meaning "against the man"	1
31429786	Allegory	a work that functions on a symbolic level	2
31429787	Alliteration	the repetition of initial consonant sounds	3
31429788	Allusion	a reference contained in a work	4
31429789	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage	5
31429790	Analogy	a literary devise employed to serve as a basis for comparison	6
31429791	Anecdote	a story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point	7
31429792	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers	8
31429793	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images; the ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs	9
31429794	Aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle	10
31429795	Apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction such as liberty or love.	11
31429796	Argument	a single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer	12
31429797	Atmosphere	the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work	13
31429798	Attitude	the relationship an author has toward his or her subject and/or the audience	14
31429799	Balance	a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work	15
31429800	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work	16
31429801	Character	those who carry out the action of the plot in literature: major (protagonist & antagonist), minor, static, and dynamic	17
31429802	Clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	18
31429803	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and provide an informal tone	19
31429804	Comic Relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with tragic elements	20
31429805	Concrete Detail	referring to nouns that name physical objects	21
31429806	Conflict	a clash between opposing forces in a literary work	22
31429807	Connotation	the interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning	23
31429808	Deduction	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	24
31429809	Denotation	the literal or dictionary meaning of a word	25
31429810	Dialect	the recreation of regional spoken language , such as a Southern dialect	26
31429811	Didactic	writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach	27
31429812	Descriptive Detail	a writer's sensory description; most predominant are visual descriptions	28
31429813	Devices	the figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce artistic effects	29
31429814	Ellipsis	indicated by a series of three periods; the ellipsis indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text	30
31429815	Epigraph	the use of quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme	31
31429816	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be in appropriate or uncomfortable	32
31429817	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work	33
31429818	Exposition	background information presented in a literary work	34
31429819	Extended Metaphor	a sustained comparison, often referred to as a conceit - developed throughout a piece of writing	35
31429820	Figurative Language	the body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than the literal one	36
31429821	Flashback	a device that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes	37
31429822	Form	the shape or structure of a literary work	38
31429823	Generic Conventions	describes traditions for each genre; they help to define a genre	39
31429824	Genre	the major category into which literary works fit: essay, poem, play, short story, novel	40
31429825	Homily	literally means "sermon" but can include any serious talk	41
31429826	Hyperbole	extreme exaggeration, often humorous, it can be ironic	42
31429827	Image	a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion	43
31429828	Imagery	the total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature	44
31429829	Induction	the process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization	45
31429830	Inference	a conclusion one can draw from the presented details	46
31429831	Invective	A verbally abusive attack	47
31429832	Irony	An unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended or expected to happen: verbal, situational, & dramatic	48
31429833	Language	When asked to "analyze the language," concentrate on how the elements of language . . . diction, syntax, figurative language, and sentence structure . . . combine to form a whole	49
31429834	Logic	The process of reasoning	50
31429835	Logical Fallacy	A mistake in reasoning	51
31429836	Loose Sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses	52
31429837	Metaphor	A direct comparison between dissimilar things	53
31429838	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which a representative term is used for a larger idea	54
31429839	Monologue	A speech given by one character	55
31429840	Mood	Deals with the speakers attitude	56
31429841	Motif	The repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters	57
31429842	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or a series of events	58
31430829	Narrative Devices	The tools used by the storyteller such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment . . .	59
31430830	Narrative Technique	The style of telling the "story" even if the passage is nonfiction	60
31430831	Onomatopoeia	Words that sound like the sound they represent	61
31430832	Oxymoron	An image of contradictory term	62
31430833	Pacing	The movement of a literary piece from one point or one section to another	63
31430834	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspections contains some degree of truth	64
31430835	Parallelism	Comes from the Greek roots meaning "beside one another"; refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity	65
31430836	Parody	A comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original	66
31430837	Pathos	The aspects of a literary work that elicit pity from the audience; an appeal to emotion	67
31430838	Pedantic	A term used to describe writing that borders on lecturing; it is scholarly and academic and often overly distant and difficult	68
31430839	Periodic Sentence	Presents its main clause at the end of the sentence for emphasis and sentence variety	69
31430840	Personification	The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts	70
31430841	Persuasion	A type of argument that has as its goal an action on the part of the audience	71
31430842	Persuasive Devices	Words with strong connotations; words that intensify the emotional effect	72
31430843	Persuasive Essay	Presents a coherent argument in which the evidence builds to a logical and relevant conclusion	73
31430844	Plot	A sequence of events in a literary work	74
31430845	Point of View	The method of narration in a literary work	75
31430846	Prose	Refers to fiction and nonfiction because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech	76
31430847	Pun	A play on words that often has a comic effect; associated with wit and cleverness	77
31430848	Reductio ad Absurdum	Latin for "to reduce to the absurd"; a technique useful in creating a comic effect	78
31430849	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern	79
31430850	Resources of Language	Refers to all devices of composition available to a writer: diction, syntax, sentence structure, and figures of speech	80
31430851	Rhetoric	Refers to the entire process of written communication	81
31430852	Rhetorical Strategies	Those tools that enable a writer to present ideas to an audience effectively	82
31430853	Rhetorical Features	Refers to how a passage is constructed; how the writer combines images, details,	83
31430854	Rhetorical Modes	A flexible term that describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kind of writing: expository writing, argumentation, description, narration	84
31430855	Rhetorical Question	A question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply	85
31430856	Sarcasm	From the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	86
31430857	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule	87
31430858	Sentence Structure	When an essay question asks you to analyze sentence structure, look at the type of sentences the author uses: simple, compound, and complex	88
31430859	Setting	The time and place of a literary work	89
31430860	Simile	An indirect comparison that uses the words like or as to link the differing items in the comparison	90
31430861	Stage Directions	The specific instructions a playwright includes concerning sets, characterization, and delivery	91
31430862	Stanza	A unit of a poem, similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem	92
31430863	Structure	The organization and form of a work	93
31430864	Style	The unique way an author presents his ideas: diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style	94
31430865	Syllogism	The format of a formal argument that consists of a major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion	95
31430866	Symbol	Something in a literary work that stands for something else	96
31430867	Synecdoche	A figure of speech that utilizes a part as a representative whole	97
31430868	Syntax	The grammatical structure of prose and poetry	98
31430869	Theme	The underlying ideas the author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, and plot	99
31430870	Thesis	Simply the main idea of a piece of writing	100
31430871	Tone	The author's attitude toward his subject	101
31430872	Transition	A word or phrase that links one idea to the next carries the reader from sentence to sentence	102
31430873	Understatement	The opposite of exaggeration; a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended	103
31430874	Voice	Can refer to two different areas of writing: (1) refers to the relationship between the sentence's subject and verb; (2) refers to the total "sound" of a writer's style	104
31430875	Wit	Intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	105