Unofficial AP Euro

31215778	symony	buying and selling of church offices
31215779	pluralism	holding of more than one church office (illegal but common)
31215780	clerical ignorance	clergy was ignorant; many preached in Latin that they couldn't read or understand
31215781	nepotism	favoritism of family members; church offices were sometimes hereditary despite protocol
31215782	clerical immorality	clergy sinned (lied, cheated, stole; Popes got married and had mistresses, etc)
31215783	Salic Law	German law that crown must be passed through male relatives; used by France in 100 Years War to keep crown from Edward III
31215784	Theory of Multiple Causation	no event has one single cause; all events have many causes
31215785	Magna Carta	written by nobles in 1215, demanding right to trial, public knowledge of how taxes are spent, and other principles of our Constitution; signed by King John of England
31215786	Papal banking	bank system set up just to handle Pope's money; brought $$ wherever it was based
31215787	Marsiglio of Padua	wrote Defenses Pacis (Defender of Peace) saying govt is above church, and died for it
31880385	landed aristocracy	provincial ("country folk") nobility in Italy, who were pushed out of government by wealthy merchants
31880386	urban nobility	the class created when landed aristocracy married their daughters off to city merchants in order to gain some influence in the government
31880387	spice trade	the reason why Northern Italy, specifically Venice, had so much money
31880388	Florence	city where money from high-quality wool and papal banking led to patronage, which led to innovation in the liberal arts
31880389	Beirut	wealthy middle-eastern city that was Venice's main partner in the Spice trade
31881215	tourism	one of the main aspects of the Papacy that made both Avignon and Rome covet it
31881216	Popolo	disenfranchised wealthy people who felt left out of government, and opposed the signori; they took over and formed an oligarchy in Florence
31881217	Eastern Europe	place where great families dominate until late 18th century, while new monarchs consolidate power in other places
31881218	Northern Italy's downfalls	a) they never pooled their resources b) they were never able to get along
31881219	Peace of Lodi	balanced alliance meant to end fighting in Northern Italy
31881220	League of Cambrai	when everyone (Papacy, other city-states, mercenaries, etc) made a pact that they said was against Turks, but effectively fought Venice and won all of it's territories
31881468	lay investiture	when lay people (specifically local rulers) could appoint clergy on their land
31881469	lay people	non-clergy; people who aren't part of the Church
31881470	hereditary monarchy	became traditional in the Renaissance to make transitions more smooth- this generally meant the oldest son inherited a throne