[Parker- AP Euro] Chapter 10 FINAL

269918459	chiaroscuro	the use of shading to enhance naturalness
269918460	Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain)	the marriage of these two in 1469 would eventually lead to a United Spain by 1492. This in turn would lead to both the expulsion of large number of Jews and Moors since Ferdinand and Isabella insisted that Spain could not be united unless everyone practice the same religion-- Roman Catholocism
269918461	Giotto	"father of Renaissance painting" , Italian
269918462	humanism	the study and reuse of the ideals expressed in Latin and Greek classics
269961006	Italian City-States	self-contained principalities whose internal strife was monitored by their despots and whose external aggression was long successfully controlled by treaty
269961007	linear perspective	the adjustment of the size of the figure to give the viewer a feeling of continuity with the painting
269961008	Niccolo Machiavelli	Italian humanist, was very hopeful that Italy could be united under a single ruler. In his most famous work The Prince he stated that for a successful ruler "it is, the, much safer to be feared than to be loved"
269961009	Thomas More	English humanist and closer advisor to Henry VIII who would later be executed for refusing to swear an oath recognizing the Act of Supremacy
269961010	Ludovico il Moro	ruler of Milan , requested French miliatry assistance when fighting broke out between Milan and Naple. THe subsequent invasion of Italy by the French in 1494 would lead to repeated French incurisions into Italy during the 15th and 16th centuries. These French invasions would also be a major factor in the spread of humanism from Italy and into Northern Italy
269961011	Northern Renaissance	differed from the Italian Renaissance because the former placed a greater emphasis upon religious piety and the northern humanists were also more devoted to religious reforms.
269961012	Petrarch	"father of humanism", believed strongly in the importance of studying classical poetry and rhetoric
269961013	Utopia	written by Sir Thomas More
269980201	Vernacular	all languages except Latin and Greek
269980202	Leonardo da Vinci	Italian printer whose most famous painting is the Mona Lisa