AP English Vocab

198512078	ad hominem	from the Latin meaning "to or against man", this is an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect
198512079	allegory	the device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning
198512080	alliteration	the repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words
198512081	allusion	a direct or indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art
198512082	ambiguity	the multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage
198512083	analogy	a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them
198512084	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun
198512085	antithesis	a figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure
198512086	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle
198512087	apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction
198512088	atmosphere	the emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects thata re described
198512089	caricature	a representation, especially pictorial or literary, in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarites are deliberately exaggerared to produce a comic or grotesque effect
198512090	chiasmus	a figure of speech based on inverted parallelism
198512091	clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb
198512092	colloquialism	slang or informality in speech or writing
198512093	conceit	a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects
198512094	connotation	the nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning
198512095	denotation	the strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color
198512096	diction	related to style, refers to the writer's word choices, especially with reagrd to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness
198512097	didactic	works that have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles
198512098	euphemism	more agreeableor less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts
198512099	extended metaphor	a metaphor developed at great length, occuring frequently in or throughout a work
198512100	figurative language	writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid
198512101	figure of speech	a device used to produce figurative language
198512102	generic conventions	describes tradtions for each genre and helps define each one
198512103	genre	the major category into which a literary work fits
198512104	homily	literally means "sermon" but more informally can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice
198512105	hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
198512106	imagery	the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstraction
198512107	inference/infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented
261737537	invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, verbal language
261737538	irony/ironic	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really menat; the differnece between what appears to be and what actually is true. Three major types: verbal, situational, dramatic
261737539	juxtaposition	placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast
261737540	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. Often seems informal, realxed, and conversational
261737541	metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of on for the other, suggesting some similarity. Makes language more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful
261737542	metynomy	A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closesly associated with it
261737543	mood	grammatical (indicative, subjunctive, imperative) or the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work
261737544	narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series ofe vents
261737545	onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words
261737546	oxymoron	A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox
261737547	paradox	A statment that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or vitality
261737548	parallelism	The grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similiarity
261737549	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule
261737550	pedantic	An adjective that decribes words, phrases, or general tone that is over scholoarly, academic, or bookish
261737551	periodic sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end
261737552	personification	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions
261737553	point of view	perspective from which the story is told
261737554	predicate adjectives	one type of subject complement- an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clause that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence and modifies or describes the subject
261737555	predicate nominative	one type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clauses that renames the subject. It follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence
261737556	prose	refers to all fiction and nonfiction because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble eveyday speech
261737557	repetition	the duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause sentence, or grammatical pattern
261737558	rhetoric	descrbies the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively
261737559	rhetoric appeal	the persuasive device by which a writer tries to sway the audience's attention and response to an given work; logos, ethos, pathos
261737560	rhetorical modes	describes the variety, the conventions, and the purpose of the major kinds of writing; exposition, argumentation, description, narration
261737561	rhetorical question	A question that is merely for effect and does not expect a reply
261737562	sarcasm	involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule something or someone
261737563	satire	A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule
261737564	simile	An explicit comparison, normally using "like", "as", or "if"
261737565	style	an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices or calssification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to cimilar authors
261737566	subject complement	the word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either renaming it or describing it
262130133	Subordinate clause	a clause that can't stand alone; also a dependent clause
262130134	syllogism	a deductive system of formal logic that rpesents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion
262130135	symbol/symbolism	anything that represents or stands for something else
262130136	syntax	the way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences
262130137	theme	the central idea or message of a work, the insight that it offers into life
262130138	thesis	the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition
262130139	tone	similar to mood, describes the author's similar attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both
262130140	transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas
262130141	understatement	the ironic minimizing of fact
262130142	wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights
262130143	attitude	a writer's intelectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing
262130144	concrete detail	refers to nouns that name physical objects
262130145	descriptive details	details that appeal to the senses
263310675	devices	the figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic affect
263310676	narrative devices	tools of a storyteller
263310677	narrative technique	the style of telling the story even if it's nonfiction
263310678	persuasive devices	Words with strong connotations; words that intensify the emotional effect
263310679	persuasive essay	presenting a coherent argument in which the evidence builds to a logical and relevant conclusion; often appeal to the audience's emotions or ethical standards
263310680	resources of language	refers to all devices of composition available to a writer
263310681	rhetorical features	refers to how a passage is constructed
263310682	sentence structure	When an essay question asks you to analyze this, look at the type of it the author uses: simple, compound, and complex
263310683	stylistic devices	An essay that mentions this is asking you to note and analyze all of the elemnets in language that contribute to style- such as diction, syntax, tone, attitude, figures of speech, connotations, and repetition