Biochemistry - Digestion

191919506	Gastric Juice	Digestive fluid, located in stomach, [HCl + Pepsin].
191919507	Pepsin	Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.
191919508	Pepsinogen	Inactive form of Pepsin, HCl needed to activate.
191919509	HCl	Breaks down most things, kills lots of bacteria.
191919510	bicarbonate fluid	Neutralizes the extreme acidity of stomach acid, made in pancreas.
191919511	amylase	Enzyme in Saliva - breaks down carbohydrates.
191919512	Protease	Enzyme that breaks apart proteins.
191919513	Trypsin	Protease - made in pancreas.
191919514	Chymotrypsin	Protease- made in pancreas.
191919515	Lipase	Digests fats - made in pancreas.
191919516	Pancreatic Amylase	Digests starch - made in pancreas.
191919517	Aminopeptidase	Protease - made in small intestine.
191919518	Maltase	Breaks disaccharides - made in small intestine.
191919519	Lactase	Breaks disaccharides - made in small intestine.
191919520	Chyme	Mixture of food, water and gastric juices made in stomach.
191919521	Bile	Breaks fat into smaller droplets [made in liver, stored in gall bladder].
191919522	cholecystokinin	Stimulates gall bladder to release bile and pancreas to release enzymes.
191919523	intracellular digestion	within cell digestion, ex. paramecium
191919524	gastrovascular cavities	empty spaces in an organisms where digestion occurs and food is absorbed, ex. hydra
191919525	alimentary canal	tube through body with two openings..the mouth and the anus
191919526	esophagus	tube connecting mouth to the stomach
191919527	cardiac orifice	the circular muscle between the esophagus and the stomach
191919528	peristalsis	contraction of smooth muscle used to push food through alimentary canal
191919529	bolus	ball of food formed in the mouth by the tongue and saliva
191919530	pyloric sphincter	circular muscle between the stomach and small intestine
191919531	gall bladder	stores bile from liver and sends to small intestine when receives cholecystokinin
191919532	gastrin	sent from stomach, to bloodstream, back to stomach to signal release of HCl and pepsinogen
191919533	enterogastrone	sent from small intestine to stomach to slow down peristalsis
191919534	secretin	sent from small intestine to pancreas to signal the release of bicarbonate
191919535	zymogens	inactive forms of enzymes such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase
191919536	procarboxypeptidase	precursor to carboxypeptidase...an enzyme that breaks down proteins starting from carboxyl end
191919537	trypsinogen	precursor to trypsin activated by enteropeptidase
191919538	trypsin	enzyme that breaks down polypeptides and activates chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase and trypsinogen
191919539	emulsify	makes big globs of lipids into smaller globs
191919540	lipase	enzymes released from pancreas to break down lipids
191919541	acid chyme	ball of food, enzymes and gastric juices produced in the stomach
191919542	pancreas	produces amylase, dissacharidases, bicarbonate ion to release to small intestine
191919543	pharynx	"throat"...before esophagus, swallowing triggers epiglottis to cover trachea so food goes down esophagus
191919544	extracellular digestion	digestion takes place outside the cell...mammals, birds, worms, hydra
191919545	enteropeptidase	activates trypsinogen into trypsin, enclosed in membrane in lining of small intestine