AP World History Chapter 28 Flashcards

344605134	internationalization	the idea that peoples should unite across national boundaries; gained popularity during the 19th century; led to the establishment of organizations like the International Red Cross	0
344605135	World Court	permanent arbitration court established at The Hague in 1899; failed to resolve problems of international conflict	1
344605136	western front	war line between Belgium and Switzerland during World War I; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants	2
344605137	Italian front	war line between Italy and Austria-Hungary; also produced trench warfare	3
344605138	eastern front	war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians, Russians, and Balkan nations fought	4
344605139	submarine warfare	a major part of the German naval effort against the allies during World War I; when employed against the United States it precipitated American participation in the war	5
344605140	Balfour Declaration(1917)	British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine	6
344605141	Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918)	Russia and Germany agreement; Russia withdrew from the World War I and lost territory to Germany in return for peace	7
344605142	Treaty of Versailles	ended World War I; punished Germany with loss of territory and payment of reparations; did not satisfy any of the signatories	8
344605143	League of Nations	international organization of nations created after World War I; designed to preserve world peace; United States never a member	9
344605144	socialism in one country	Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely upon internal Soviet development; the resulting isolation helped the Soviet Union to avoid some of the consequences of the Great depression	10
344605145	National Socialist(Nazi) Party	led by Hitler in Germany; gained support during economic chaos after World War I and the Great Depression; advocated an authoritarian state and an aggressive foreign policy; gained power in 1933	11
344605146	Adolf Hitler	Nazi leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945; led Germany into World War II	12
344605147	Benito Mussolini	Italian leader who created a fascist government during the 1920s; stressed an aggressive foreign policy and nationalist glories	13
344605148	anschluss	union between Germany and Austria under Hitler in 1938	14
344605149	Munich Conference	meeting caused by German occupation of part of Czechoslovakia in 1939; Western leaders agreed to the action after Germany promised future peace	15
344605150	appeasement	name given to the policy of British leader Neville Chamberlain because of his acceptance at the Munich Conference of German aggression	16
344605151	Tripartite Pact	1940 alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy	17
344605152	Munich conference	1938 meeting between German, French, and British leaders; allowed Czechoslovakia to be dismembered by Germany in return for promises of future peace	18
344605153	Tripartite Pact (1940)	treaty between Germany, Japan, and Italy	19
344605154	Pearl Harbor	American naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan in December 1941; caused American entry into World War II	20
344605155	blitzkrieg	German term meaning lightening warfare; involved rapid movement of troops and tanks	21
344605156	Vichy	collaborationist French government established at Vichy in 1940 following defeat by Germany	22
344605157	Winston Churchill	British prime minister during World War II; exemplified British determination to resist Germany	23
344605158	siege of Stalingrad	1942 turning point during Germany's invasion of Russia; Russians successfully defended the city and then went on the offensive	24
344605159	Hiroshima and Nagasaki	two Japanese cities on which the US dropped atomic bombs in 1945; caused Japanese surrender	25
344605160	Holocaust	Germany's attempted extermination of European Jews; resulted in six million deaths	26
344605161	Teheran Conference(1943)	meeting between the leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union; decided to open a new front against Germany in France; gave the Russians a free hand in eastern Europe	27
344605162	Yalta Conference (1945)	agreed upon Soviet entry into war against Japan, organization of the United nations; left eastern Europe to the Soviet Union	28
344605163	Potsdam Conference	meeting btwn the leaders of the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1945; the allies accepted Soviet control of eastern Europe; Germany and Austria were divided among the victors	29
344605164	Cold War	struggle from 1945 to 1989 btwn the communist and democratic worlds; ended with the collapse of Russia	30
344605165	eastern block	the eastern European countries of Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Eastern Germany dominated by the Soviet Union during the Cold WAr	31
344605166	iron curtain	term coined by Churchill for the division btwn the Western and Soviet spheres	32
344605167	Marshall Plan	US program begun in 1947 to help Western European nations recover from the devastation of World War II	33
344605168	NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization; formed in 1949 to counter the threat of Soviet Union; included western European democracies, Canada, and the US	34
344605169	Warsaw Pact	the Soviet response to NATO; made up of Soviets and their European satellites	35
344605170	Korean War	war following the 1949 invasion of South Korea by North Korea; communist powers supported the former, the Western powers the latter	36
344605171	Vietnamese war	a long struggle beginning with the Vietnamese effort to expel the French; the United States unsuccessfully intervened to prevent communist victory	37
344605172	nonalignment	newly independent former colonial nations who proclaimed neutrality during the Cold War	38