AP World Chapter 27 Terms Flashcards

Mr. Brown AP World ECHHS

374534616	Holy Alliance	alliance between Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of the established order; formed by the most conservative monarchies of Europed during the Congress of Vienna	0
374534617	Decembrist rising	unsuccessful 1825 political revolt in Russia by mid-level officers advocating reforms	1
374534618	Crimean War (1854-1856)	began with a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; France and Britain joined on the Ottoman side; resulted in a Russian defeat because of Western industrial might; led to Russian reforms under Alexander II	2
374534619	emancipation of the serfs	Alexander II in 1861 ended serfdom in Russia; serfs did not obtain political rights and had to pay the aristocracy for lands gained	3
374534620	zemstvoes	local political councils created as part of Alexander II's reforms; gave middle class professional experience in government by did not influence national policy	4
374534621	Count Witte	Russian minister of finance (1892-1903); economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investment in industry	5
374534622	intelligentsia	Russian term for articulate intellectuals as a class; desired radical change in the Russian political and economic system; wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from the West	6
374534623	Bolsheviks	literally the majority party, but actually a minority group; the most radica; branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin	7
374534624	Russian Revolution of 1905	defeat by Japan resulted in strikes by urban workers and insurrections among the peasantry; resulted in temporary reforms	8
374534625	Stolypin reforms	Russian minister who introduced reforms intended to placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption paymemts and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry	9
374534626	Matthew Perry	American naval officer; in 1853 insisted under threat of bombardment on the opening of ports to American trade	10
374534627	Meiji Restoration	power of the emperor restored with Emperor Mutsuhito in 1868; took name of Meiji, the Enlightened One; ended shogunate and began a reform period	11
374534628	Diet	Japanese parliament established as part of the constitution of 1889; able to advise government but no control it	12
374534629	zaibatsu	huge industrial combines created in Japan during the 1890s	13
374534630	Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)	fought in Korea between Japan and Qing China; Japanese victory demonstrated its arrival as new industrial power	14