AP World History Schmitt Test Flashcards

ID's

360034337	Black Death	Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; Significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure.	0
360034338	Prince Henry the Navigator	Portuguese Prince responsible for direction of a series of expeditions along African coast in the 15th century; Marked beginning of Western European expansion;	1
360034339	Martin Luther	German monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing the 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg church; emphasized primacy of faith over works is stressed in Catholic Church; accepted state control of church.	2
360034340	English Civil War	Conflict from 1640-1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following the execution of the previous king.	3
360034341	Nicolas Copernicus	Polish monk; astronomer (16th century); disproved Hellenistic belief that the earth was at the center of the universe.	4
360034342	Adam Smith	Established liberal economics (wealth of nations, 1776); argued that government should avoid regulation of economy in favor of the operation of market forces.	5
360034343	Vasco De Gama	Portuguese captain who first reached India in 1497; established early portuguese dominances in Indian Ocean; The muslim merchants were hostile towards him and only brought pots and a small amount of spices.	6
360034344	Karl Marx	German socialist of the mid 19th century; blasted earlier socialist movements as Utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlled by the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship.	7
360034345	Ferdinand Magellan	Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed spain to claim the Philippines.	8
360034346	Hernan Cortes	Led an expedition of 600 to the coast of Mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for defeat of Aztec Empire; captured Aztec Center Tenochtitlan	9
360034347	Seven Years War	fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756-1763; resulted in Prussian seizure of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America.	10
360034348	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian Tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	11
360034349	Ecomiendas	Grants of Indian laborers made to spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America; basis for earliest forms of coerced labor in spanish colonies.	12
360034350	War of Spanish succession	resulted from Bourbon family's succession to Spanish thron in 1701; ended by treaty of Utrecht in 1713; resulted in recognition of Bourbons, loss of some lands, grants of commercial rights to English and French.	13
360034351	Mehmed II	Ottoman called "The Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire.	14
360034352	William Wiberforce	British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament; led abolition of English slave trade in 1807.	15
360034353	Otto Von Bismark	conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes.	16
360034354	Socialism	Political movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploration of the working man.	17
360034355	Father Miguel de Hidalgo	Mexican priest who establish independence movements among indians and mestizo a in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed.	18
360034356	Simon Bolivar	Creole Military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuala, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia.	19
360034357	Mercantilism	popular during 17th and 18th century; It supported government control of foreign trade to ensure prosperity and military security; trying to improve tax revenues.	20
360034358	Franciaco Pizarro	spanish conquistador; led the conquest of the Inca Empire; Attacked the city with 180 men and captured and killed the emperor.	21