US HISTORY MIDTERM

149554050	Aaron Burr	Vice President under Thomas Jefferson; In a duel and killed Alexander Hamilton
149554051	Alexander Hamilton	Secretary of Treasury under Washington; part of the Federalist party; opponent of Thomas Jefferson; Killed by Aaron Burr in a duel
149554052	Alien Act	Suspicious aliens could be sent back and/or deported to their country. (The Naturalization Act said aliens had to wait 14 years, not 5 to become a legal citizen)
149554053	Amendment	To make a change under the Constitution
149554054	Articles of Confederation	The first government of the United States after breaking away from Britain/King George III; it was weak because there was no leader and the Congress could not tax or draft an army
149554055	Benjamin Banneker	Surveys the capital; black man who could not vote
149554056	Bill of Rights	The First ten amendments or CHANGES to the Constitution
149554057	Capital or capitol	one refers to city (a); the other building (o); first in PA, then DC
149554058	Checks and Balances	So that one branch does not get too much POWER! Each can control the other. Ex: If Congress/Legislative passes a law, the President/Executive can VETO!
149554059	Constitution	The guidelines of the three branches of government
149554060	Democracy	Government where the people ELECT representatives to make decisions for them
149554061	Democratic-Republicans	Political party; Love regular, common people, even farmers; do not want to TAX; think all people can make a decisions if EDUCATED; worry that the government is getting too POWERFUL; People include THOMAS JEFFERSON and JAMES MADISON
149554062	Electoral college	The special group who elects the PRESIDENT
149554063	Ethnocentrism	When one group or culture thinks they are superior or BETTER THAN OTHERS!
149554064	Executive Branch	Includes the PRESIDENT who is the Commander-in-chief and could send troops; could also sign bills into LAW; could also VETO or reject bills
149554065	Federalists	Political party; Think the RICH or a small, intelligent group should rule; do want to TAX people; think the government should have a lot of power to CONTROL the country; PEOPLE include ALEXANDER HAMILTON and JOHN ADAMS
149677689	George Washington	First president of the United States under the Constitution; set precedent of only 2 terms and picked cabinet of secretaries; did not want to have power like kings in England; died in 1799
149677690	House of Representatives	Has 435 members: bigger states have more representatives; votes based on state POPULATION
149677691	House of Senate	Has 100 members; only TWO people from each state
149677692	John Adams	2nd president; was vice president under George WASHINGTON; first family to live in President's house in D.C.; signed the ALIEN and SEDITION Acts into law
149677693	John Marshall	Was named Chief JUSTICE of Supreme Court by John Adams; thought of JUDICIAL REVIEW, which gave courts the power to declare laws UNCONSTITUTIONAL or unfair (case of Marbury vs. Madison 1803)
149677694	Judicial Branch	The SUPREME COURT has ability to decide if laws are fair or unfair; 9 justices on court
149677695	Judicial Review	The SUPREME COURT's ability to decide if laws are fair or unconstitutional/unfair. (Decided in Marbury v. Madison 1803)
149677696	Legislative Branch	Includes CONGRESS, which has two houses: House of SENATE and House of REPRESENTATIVES; they argue and pass bills into law
149677697	Lewis and Clark	Sent by THOMAS JEFFERSON to explore LOUISIANA PURCHASE and make relations/connections with Indians; slave York assisted as well as Sacagawea
149677698	Louisiana Purchase	Land west of Mississippi River bought by Thomas Jefferson for $15 million dollars or three cents an acre. Bought from FRANCE in 1803: It DOUBLED the size of the country.
149677699	Matthew "Spitting" Lyon	Said that President JOHN ADAMS was crazy for signing the SEDITION ACT and should go to "MAD HOUSE" - Lyon went to jail for criticizing the government
149677700	Sedition Act	Said people could not criticize the government
149677701	Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa	Shawnee brothers who led the first PAN INDIAN MOVEMENT - they UNITED tribes from north to south, so they could fight for their land and go back to old Indian ways.
149677702	Thomas Jefferson	Secretary of STATE under Washington; was part of DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN party; Became the THIRD President; Bought the LOUISIANA PURCHASE; hated ALIEN & SEDITION acts because he thought the people should always have freedom
149677703	Whiskey Rebellion	Farmers in PENNSYLVANIA/PITTSBURG are mad about being TAXED and try to rebel; President WASHINGTON and Sec. of TREASURY, HAMILTON go with troops and show farmers the government has more power than them
149677704	William Henry Harrison	Governor of Indiana Territory who fought Tecumseh and later becomes the ninth president
149677705	Xenophobia	To FEAR strangers or foreigners
149677706	Precedents	to set an example that others will follow
149686036	Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions	Thomas Jefferson and James Madison helped write these, so states could IGNORE laws they did not agree with. This was the Democratic-Republican way to IGNORE the Alien & Sedition Acts passed by Federalists
149686037	Spoils system	When a political victor/winner HIRES all friends, relatives, etc. and FIRES the old party.
149686038	Trail of Tears	1838 federal troops round up and force 16,000 Cherokee to march from their homes in Georgia to Oklahoma territory, causing the death of 1/4 of all the Natives: 4,000 in all - the ENFORCEMENT of the INDIAN-REMOVAL ACT under ANDREW JACKSON!
149686039	Indian Removal Act	Andrew Jackson required Indians living east of the Mississippi River to move west into Indian-territory (what is today modern-Oklahoma)
149686040	War of 1812	When the British were still living on western territory, encouraging Indians to be violent, and taking sailors as prisoners, the US wanted to SHOW THEIR INDEPENDENCE and declared the _____ __ _______!
149686041	Monroe Doctrine	After the War of 1812, the US wanted to show it's authority: James Monroe told Europe to keep their HANDS OFF the Americas (including North and South America)
149686042	Battle of Fort McHenry	If the US could stop Great Britain at this battle, they would prevent the ships from entering Baltimore harbor. This battle last 25 hours and there was intense cannon-fire (over 1,500). When the firing finished, a
149686043	Francis Scott Key	Wrote the Star Spangled Banner after seeing a 30x42 foot flag waving over Ft. McHenry. This meant the US maintained the fort and Great Britain was unable to enter the city of Baltimore during the War of 1812
149686044	ramparts	Walls of defense like those at the Battle of Fort McHenry
149686045	impressment	British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service
150527619	Federalist	Wants strong, central government: Wanted to change the Articles of Confederation because the government was too WEAK
150527620	Anti-federalist	Wanted the states to have more power than the government: Wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation as people/states had more power than government
150527621	New Jersey Plan	Proposed equal representation for each state. This plan was preferred by small states during the Constitutional Convention because they had equal say.
150527622	Virginia Plan	Proposed proportional representation, that is each state is represented by state population. This was preferred by large states since they had more people and more say.
150527623	Great Compromise	This is also known as the Connecticut Compromise. It created a BICAMERAL or two-house legislature. A House of Senate with equal representation and a House of Representatives based on state population
150530693	Unalienable Rights	The right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness