Ch. 21 - The Progressive Era

352340475	Australian ballot	secret voting and the use of official ballots rather than party tickets
352340476	Bureau of Reclamation	federal agency founded in 1902 providing public funds funds for irrigation projects in arid regions; played major role is development of West by construction dams, reservoirs, and irrigation systems, especially in the 1930s.
352340477	Conservation	the efficient management and use of natural resources (grasslands, forests, rivers).
352340478	Eighteenth Amendment	prohibited the manufacture or sale of alcohol in the US; ratified in 1919, repealed in 1933.
352340479	Federal Reserve Act	revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System; 1913.
352340480	Federal Trade Commission (FTC)	government agency founded in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity.
352340481	Fundamentalists	religious conservatives who believe in the literal accuracy and divine inspiration of the Bible; comes from series of pamphlets called The Fundamentals.
352340482	Initiative	procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters.
352340483	Muckraking	journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils.
352340484	New Freedom	Wilson's 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs; provided opportunity for individual achievement.
352340485	New Nationalism	Teddy Roosevelt's 1912 program calling for strong national government to foster, regulate, and protect businesses, industry, workers, and consumers.
352340486	Niagara Movement	African American group formed in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil and political rights, and equal access to economic opportunity.
352340487	Nineteenth Amendment	established women citizen's right to vote; 1920.
352340488	Preservation	protecting forests, land, and other natural environment features from development or destruction.
352340489	Progressive Era	period of 20th century before WWI when many groups sought to reshape America's government in response to pressures of industrialization and urbanization.
352340490	Prohibition	ban on production, transportation, and sale of liquor; achieved temporarily through state laws and 18th amendment.
352340491	Recall	process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote.
352340492	Referendum	submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection.
352340493	Seventeenth Amendment	established the direct popular election of US senators; 1913.
352340494	Sixteenth Amendment	authorized a federal income tax; 1913.
352340495	Social Gospel movement	effort by leading Protestants to apply religious ethics to industrial conditions and thereby alleviate poverty, slums, and labor exploitation.
352340496	Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act	1913 reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax.
352340497	Wobblies	popular name for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).