Ch 18 Reconstruction

163447575	freedmen	people who had been slaves
163447576	Reconstruction	the rebuilding of the South
163447577	Ten Percent Plan	Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction that allowed southern states to form a new government after 10% of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
163447578	amnesty	A government pardon
163447579	Wade-Davis Bill	1864 plan for Reconstruction that required a majority of white men to swear loyalty to Union; it also denied the right to vote to anyone who had volunteered for the Confederacy
163447580	The Freedmen's Bureau	A government agency to help former slaves
163447581	Thirteenth Amendment	this banned slavery throughout the nation
163447582	black codes	Laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen
163447583	Radical Republican	Members of Congress who wanted to break the power of wealthy planters and ensure that freedmen had the right to vote
163447584	Fourteenth Amendment	This defined citizens as all persons born or naturalized in the United States
163447585	Radical Reconstruction	Period when Republicans, who had control in both houses of Congress, took charge of Reconstruction
163447586	Reconstruction Act	Law that threw out state governments that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment it also required former Confederate states allow African Americans to vote;
163447587	impeach	To bring serious charges of wrongdoing against a public official
163447588	Fifteenth Amendment	This forbids any state to deny African Americans the right to vote because of race
163447589	scalawag	White southerners who supported the Republicans during Reconstruction
163447590	carpetbagger	Nickname for a northerner who went south after the Civil War
163447591	Conservatives	White southerners who resisted the changes of Reconstruction
163447592	Ku Klux Klan	Secret society organized in the South after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of violence
163447593	sharecropper	Person who rents a plot of land from a planter and farms it in exchange for a share of the crop
163447594	poll tax	Tax which requires a fee to be paid before voting
163447595	literacy test	Test to see if a person can read and write; used to restrict voting rights
163447596	grandfather clause	Law that excused a voter from a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on Jan 1, 1867.
163447597	Jim Crow Laws	Laws that separated the races in public places in the South
163447598	Plessy v. Ferguson	1896 Supreme Court Case that ruled that segregation in places was legal as long as facilities were equal
163447599	"New South"	Description of the South in the late 1800s when efforts were made to expand the economy by building up industry.