WHAP 5th six weeks vocabulary Flashcards

348103310	population revolution	huge growth in population in western europe beginning about 1730	0
348103311	american revolution	rebellion of the british american/atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States	1
348103312	french revolution	overthrow of the bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789; created a republic and eventually ended with napoleon's french empire; the source of many liberal movements and constitutions in europe	2
348103313	declaration of the rights of man and the citizen	adopted during the french revolution; proclaimed the equality of french citizens; became a source/ document for later liberal moements	3
348103314	liberalism	political ideology that flourished in the 19th-cetury western europe; stressed limited state interference in private life, representation of the people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments	4
348103315	radicals	followers of a 19th century western europe political emphasis; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; urged reforms favoring the lower classes	5
348103316	socialism	political ideology in 19th century europe; attacked private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of the means of production and an end to the capitalistic exploitation of the working class	6
348103317	nationalism	european 19th century viewpoint; often allied with other "isms"; urged the importance of national unity; valued a collective ID based on ethnic origins	7
348103318	factory system	intensification of all the processes of production at a single site during the industrial revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline	8
348103319	louis pasteur	discovered germs and of the purifying process named after him	9
348103320	benjamin disraeli	british politician; granted the vote to working class males in 1867; an example of conservative politicians keeping stability through reform	10
348103321	otto von bismarck	conservative prime minister of prussia; architect of german unification under the prussian king in 1871; utilized liberal reforms to maintain stability	11
348103322	karl marx	german socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached the inevitability of social revolution and the creation of a proletarian dictatorship	12
348103323	revisionism	socialist thought that disagreed with marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions	13
348103324	feminist movements	sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle-class women	14
348103325	mass leisure culture	an aspect of the later industrial revolution; decreased time at work and offered opportunities for new forms of leisure time, such as vacation trips and team sports	15
348103326	charles darwin	biologist who developed the theory of evolution of the species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival	16
348103327	albert einstein	formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavoir of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; about 1900 issued the theory of relativity	17
348103328	american exceptionalism	historical argument that the development of the united states was largely individualistic and that contact with europe was incidental to american formation	18
348103329	sepoys	indian troops, trained in european style, serving the french and british	19
348103330	raj	the british political establishment in india	20
348103331	plassey (1757)	battle between the troops of the british east india company and the indian ruler of bengal; british victory gave them control of northeast india	21
353904417	robert clive	architect of british victory at plassey; established foundations of the raj in north india	22
353904418	presidencies	three districts that compromised the bulk of british-rule territories in india during the early 19th century; capitals at calcutta, madras, and bombay	23
353904419	princely states	ruled by indian princes allied with the ra; agents of the east india company were stationed at their courts to ensure loyalty	24
353904420	nabobs	name given to british who went to india to make fortunes through graft and exploitation; returned to britain to live richly	25
353904421	charles cornwallis	british official who reformed east india company's corruption during the 1790s	26
353904422	tropical dependencies	western european possessions in africa, asia, and the south pacific where small numbers of european settlers made up the majority of the population	27
353904423	settler colonies	colonies where minority european populations lived among majority of the population	28
353904424	white dominions	a type of settlement colony where european settlers made up the majority of the population	29
353904425	white racial supremacy	belief in the inherent superiority of whites over the rest of humanity; peaked in period before world war 1	30
353904426	boer republics	independent states established during the 1850s in the south african interior by afrikaners	31
353904427	cecil rhodes	british entrepreneur in south africa; manipulated the political situation to gain entry to the diamonds and gold discovered in the boer republics	32
353904428	boer war	1899-1902 ; fought between the british and afrikaners; british victory and post-war policies left africans under afrikaner control	33
353904429	james cook	his voyages to hawaii from 1777-1779 opened the islands to the west	34
353904430	toussaint l'overture	leader of the slave rebellion on the french island of st. dominigue in 1791; led to creation of independent republic of haiti in 1804	35
353904431	gran columbia	existed as an independent state until 1830 when columbia, venezuela and ecuador became seperate independent nations	36
353904432	caudillos	leaders in independent latin america who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized the national government	37
353904433	centralists	latin american politicians who favored strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by conservative politicians	38
353904434	federalists	latin american politicians who favored regional governments rather than centralized administrations; often supported by liberal politicians	39
353904435	positivism	a philosophy based on the ideas of auguste comte; stressed observation and scientific approaches to the problems of society	40
353904436	modernization theory	the belief that the more industrialized, urban, and modern a society became, the more social change and improvement were possible as traditional patterns and attitudes were abandoned / transformed	41
353904437	panama canal	the united states supported an independence movement in panama, then part of columbia, in return for the exclusive rights for a canal across the panama isthmus	42
353904438	tanzimat reforms	western style reforms within the ottoman empire between 1839 and 1876; included a european influenced constitution in 1876	43
353904439	abdul hamid	ottoman sultan (1878-1908) who tried to return to despotic absolutism; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties	44
353904440	ottoman society for union and progress	young turks; intellectuals and political agitators seeking the return of the 1876 constitution; gained power through a coup in 1908	45
353904441	mamluks	rulers of egypt under the ootmans; defeated by napoleon in 1798; revealed the vulnerability of the muslim world	46
359120374	Muhammad Ali	controlled Egypt following the French withdrawl; began a modernization process based on Western models, but failed to greatly change Egypt; died in 1848	47
359120375	Suez Canal	built to link the Mediterranean and Red Seas; opened in 1869; British later occupied Egypt to safeguard their financial and strategic interests	48
359120376	Compradors	wealthy group of merchants under Qing; specialized in import-export trade on China's south coast	49
359120377	Lin Zexu	Chinese official charged during the 1830's with ending opium trade in Southern China ; set off events leading to Opium War	50
359120378	Opium war	fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 to protect the British trade in opium; british victory demonstrated western superiority over china	51
359120379	taiping rebellion	massive rebellion in southern china in 1850s and 1860s led by Hong Xinquan; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucianism	52
359120380	Cixi	conservative empress who dominated last decades of Qing dynasty	53
359120381	boxer rebellion	popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China; out down by intervention of western powers	54
359120382	sun yat-sen	(1866-1925); chinese revolutionary leader, of scholar-gentry background	55