middle east Flashcards

358728022	Hussein-MacMahon Letters	if the arabs help the british defeat the ottomans then the hashemites will control arabia	0
358728023	Balfour Declaration	jewish people were given the holy land	1
358728024	Sykes-Picot Agreement	British and French would take syria	2
358728025	Lawrence of Arabia	British military officer who incited the Arabs in Arabia to revolt against their Turkish lords	3
358728026	mandate system	Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I, to be administered under League of Nations supervision	4
358728027	Hashemites	Rulers of the kingdom of Hijaz; Aligned with British in exchange for guaranteed right to rule some of the formerly Ottoman lands(Jordan and Iraq)	5
358728029	Mustafa Kemal Attaturk	modernized and westernizes turkey; eventually becomes a democracy under attaturk	6
358728030	Zionism	a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine	7
358728031	British Palestine	Granted by the League of Nations following World War I, it gave Britain control over the government of Palestine.	8
358728032	Partition Plan (1948)	UN recommends Palestine be divded into Jewish and Arab states; Jews accepted and declared the state of Israel in 1948	9
358728033	Israel (1948)	israel goes to war with other arab countries to establish the homeland for the jews. they are successful and establish israel	10
358728034	David Ben-Gurion	Israel's first prime minister, state directed on 1)Army 2) Trade Union 3) Education System	11
358728035	-- Arab-Israeli War of 1848	known as the Israeli war for independence	12
358728036	Gamel Abdel Nasser	He was president of Egypt from 1956-1970. During the Suez Crisis, he nationalized the canal, causing a dispute between him and Israel, France and Britain helped him with the dispute	13
358728037	Pan-Arabism	a nationalist movement built on the shared heritage of Arabs who lived in the lands from the Arabian peninsula from North Africa	14
358728038	Aswan High Dam	It was built in 1956 to control the flooding of the Nile River. The dam gives Egyptian farmers a more dependable source of water for their crops and it also gives Egypt electrical power	15
358728039	Suez Crisis (1956)	International crisis launched when Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, which had been owned mostly by French and British stockholders. The crisis led to a British and French attack on Egypt, which failed without aid from the United States. The Suez Crisis marked an important turning point in the post-colonial Middle East and highlighted the rising importance of oil in world affairs.	16
358728040	Six -Day War (1967)	war in which many arab nations planned to attack Israel but Israel attack the air bases of the other countries and quickly took them out in 6 days; they were given gaza strip siani pennisula, west bank, golon heights	17
358728045	Palestinian Liberation Organization (1964)	wanted to destroy israel; would not recognize Israel as a country; considered a terrorist group	18
358728046	Yasir Arafat	leader of the PLO	19
358728047	Black September (1970)	after PLO hijacking in Jordan they blow up air crafts, Jordanians expel the Palestinians into lebanon	20
358728048	Lebanon	was destabilized after Black September because of the rapid immigration of Palestinians	21
358728049	Munich Olympics (1972)	PLO kidnapped the Israeli wrestling team and kill every single wrestler	22
358728050	Oslo Accords (1993)	Meeting in Norway where the PLO recognizes Israels right to exist and vice versa	23
358728051	Yom Kippur (1973)	War betweeen Egypt and Israel, israel is losing but the U.S gives large amounts of aid and they continue to hold the lands they had previously	24
358728052	Golda Meir	(1898-1978) Israeli politician; she was the prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War and sought assistance and supplies from the U.S.	25
358728053	oil embargo	an embargo on the US by OPEC for giving aid to Israel	26
358728054	OPEC (1960)	organization petroleum exportation countries; embargoed oil to the U.S in 1973	27
358728055	United Arab Emirates	a federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; very large exporter of oil in the middle east	28
358728056	Camp David Accords (1979)	peace treaty between Egypt and Israel recognizing Israel and Israel gives back the Sinai Peninsula	29
358728057	Anwar Sadat	Egyptian leader Assassinated most likely for recognizing Israel as a country	30
358728058	Ibn Saud	reform leader in the early 1920s and united Northern Arabian Peninsula. He created Saudi Arabia in 1932.	31
358728059	Wahhabism	a conservative and intolerant form of Islam that is practiced in Saudi Arabia	32
358728060	Grand Mosque attack (1979)	an attack on the holiest place for Muslims by an islamist militant group eventually taken out	33
358728061	Saddam Hussein	arab socialists leader of Ba'ath Party who becomes leader in Iraq in 1979 and convinced to invade Iran in 1981	34
358728062	Ba'ath Party	Arab socialist party seeking a secular government and freedom from foreign control, founded by michael aflaq	35
358728063	Shah Reza Pahlavi	Iran's leader after WWII who embraced Western governments and wealthy western oil companies	36
358728065	Mohammad Mossadeq	The nationalist prime minister. He nationalized Iran's oil industry and led the drive for limiting foreign influence in Iran and for instituting democracy in the country.	37
358728066	Iranian Revolution (1979)	Islamic Revolution in Iran. Shiite branch dominated. Anti-Western. Encouraged other Arab states to also have fundamentalist ideals.	38
358728068	Kuwait	an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf	39
358728069	Persian Gulf War (1990-91)	Conflict that was triggered by a dispute over oil-drilling rights, leading to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. This war ended when the U.S. intervened, crushing Iraqi resistance and liberating Kuwait.	40
358728070	Osama bin Laden	Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks.	41