AP Gov Ch. 12: Media

292293368	blog	a series, or log, of discussion items on a page of the World Wide Web
292293369	sound bite	a radio or video clip of someone speaking
292293370	equal time rule	an FCC rule that if a broadcaster sells time to one candidate, it must sell equal time to other candidates
292293371	trial balloon	information leaked to the media to test public reaction to a possible policy
292293372	New York Times v. Sullivan	increased media freedom of speech, if you can't prove that a statement was made with malice, you won't win the case
292293373	gatekeeper(media role)	can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long
292293374	scorekeeper (media role)	keep track of and help make political reputations, note who is being "mentioned" as a presidential candidate, and help decide who is winning and losing in Washington politics
292293375	watchdog (media role)	"comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable"; watch candidates to expose scandals and investigate personalities
292293376	selective attention	paying attention only to those news stories with which one already agrees
292293377	adversarial press	the tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them
292293378	agenda setting	the power of the media to bring public attention to particular issues and problems
292293379	FCC	Federal Communications Commission; gives licenses to operate radio and television stations
292470531	framing	the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
292491980	fairness doctrine	an FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views
292491981	"fourth branch"	the media or the people, such as interest groups
292491982	press secretary	the individual charged with interacting and communicating with journalists on a daily basis
292491983	prior restraint	censorship of or punishment for the expression of ideas before the ideas are printed or spoken
292491984	spin doctor	a public relations person who tries to forestall negative publicity by publicizing a favorable interpretation of the words or actions of a company or political party or famous person
292491985	Telecommunications Act of 1996	legislation that overhauled the Federal Communications Act of 1934 by deregulating a range of communications technologies in effort to promote competition in the development and provision of telecommunications services.
292491986	White House press corps	Reporters regularly assigned to cover the president
292491987	narrowcasting	media programming on cable TV or the Internet that is focused on one topic and aimed at a particular audience. Examples include MTV, ESPN, and C-SPAN.
292491988	citizen journalism	A grassroots movement wherein activist amateurs and concerned citizens, not professional journalists, use the Internet and blogs to disseminate news and information
292491989	muckraking	the exposure of scandal (especially about public figures)
297442757	libel	(n.) a written statement that unfairly or falsely harms the reputation of the person about whom it is made; (v.) to write or publish such a statement
297442758	gridlock	the inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of the government