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Cultural and Intellectual Developments Flashcards

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389300336Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543) Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center0
389300337Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars1
389300338Francis Bacon(1561-1626) English statesman and philosopher; developed the scientific method2
389300339William Harvey(1578-1657) English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood3
389300340John Locke(1632-1704) English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience4
389300341Jean-Jacques Rousseau(1712-1778) A French man who believed that human beings are naturally good and can rely on their instincts; government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy5
389300342Thomas Hobbes(1588-1679) English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings6
389300343Voltaire(1694-1778) French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment; advocated civil liberties including: freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state7
389300344Zhu Xi(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action8
389300345Natural RightsThe idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property9
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