Cultural and Intellectual Developments Flashcards

389300336	Nicolaus Copernicus	(1473-1543) Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center	0
389300337	Galileo Galilei	(1564-1642) Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars	1
389300338	Francis Bacon	(1561-1626) English statesman and philosopher; developed the scientific method	2
389300339	William Harvey	(1578-1657) English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood	3
389300340	John Locke	(1632-1704) English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience	4
389300341	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	(1712-1778) A French man who believed that human beings are naturally good and can rely on their instincts; government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy	5
389300342	Thomas Hobbes	(1588-1679) English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings	6
389300343	Voltaire	(1694-1778) French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment; advocated civil liberties including: freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state	7
389300344	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	8
389300345	Natural Rights	The idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property	9