APWH China Flashcards

periods of time in China

387962445	Huang He	2000 BCE - 1500 BCE, bronze, iron, ideographic writing	0
387962446	Shang	1500 BCE - 1029 BCE, northern Chinese warlike nomads King ruling over military nobility and bureaucracy Metallurgy, oracle bone writing	1
387962447	Zhou	1029 BCE - 201 BCE, start decline in 770 BCE Vassal family created feudalism Mandate of Heaven Standardized Mandarin	2
387962448	Era of the Warring States	402-201 BCE, regional aristocrats gain power and disregard central gov't	3
387962449	Qin	221-209 BCE, brutal Qin Shihuangdi replaced feudalism w/bureaucracy Great Wall, standardized writing and laws, Legalism	4
387962450	Han	202 BCE-220 CE, Xiongnu nomads use Confucian civil service exams Wu Ti expand into central Asia Buddhism spread along Silk Road Daoist Yellow Turbans lead failed protest	5
387962451	Six Dynasties	220-589, northern invaders fight for control Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties	6
387962452	Sui	581-618, Yang Jian (Wendi) reunite Yangdi restore Confucian exams and built canals, distribute estates among free peasantry Decline bc Yangdi's unsuccessful to take s Manchuria and n Korea	7
387962453	Tang	618-907, tribute system Bureaucrats more important Empress Wu promote Buddhism, Wuzong persecute Buddhism Paper money/credit letters (overseas trade) and urban growth in Chang'an Poetry (Li Bo) and explosive powder	8
387962454	Five Dynasties	907-960	9
387962455	Song	969-1126, general Zhao Kuangyin beat s rivals Make scholar-gentry more powerful than aristocracy and Buddhism Neo-Confucianism (male dominance, footbinding) Junks w/magnetic compass Landscape paintings/moveable type Vietnamese Champa rice=population rise Weak military, pay tribute to n Liao and Xi Xia Wang Anshi's Legalist reforms (redistribute land) were reversed	10
387962456	Southern Song	1127-1279, Jurchens overthrow Liao, establish Jin, annex Yellow River, making Song move s	11
387962457	Yuan	1279-1368, Kubilai Khan conquer Xi Xia, Jin, Song Separate Mongols and Chinese Mongols dominate bureaucracy w/out civil service exams Chabi shows Mongol women kept independence Power to unpopular artisans and merchants Strong navy and urban expansion Playwriting Protect peasants, peasant revolts (White Lotus Society)	12
387962458	Ming	1368-1644, Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu) push Mongols to Mongolia Revive Tang/Song (neo-Confucianism, strong centralization w/civil service exams, e Asia tribute system) New World crops=population boost Muslim Zheng He Indian Ocean trading expeditions stopped bc bureaucrat opposition Novel Corrupt officials=public works decline	13
387962459	Qing	1644-1912, Manchus conquer Forbidden City and stay ethnic elite Bigger gap between rural gentry and peasants European trade soars, compradors (wealthy merchants) Cheating on civil service exams=public works decline Opium Wars,Taiping Rebellion, self-strengthening movement (foreign investment), lose Sino-French War and Sino-Japanese War=spheres of influence, failed Boxer Rebellion to kick out foreigners	14
387962460	Republic	1912-1949, Sun Yatsen led 1911 revolution Abandon Confucian system, want Western-style nation-state Hostile to foreigners Guomindang N warlord Yuan Shikai became president; May 4th movement for liberal democracy	15
387962461	Chinese Civil War	1945-1949, KMT Chiang Kai-shek become warlord Mao Zedong leads Long March for communists to escape n WWII, unite w/communists to fight Japanese Mao uses guerrilla warfare to force Chiang into Taiwan, creating People's Republic of China	16
387962462	People's Republic of China	1949-present, Mao purges elite Mass Line: farming collectives Great Leap Forward: industrialization in communes Cultural Revolution: Red Guard student brigades abuse political rivals Gang of Four imprisoned after his death	17
387962463	Today	Communist Deng Xiaoping opened up free market Economy expanding Tiananmen Square massacre: troops fire on democratic reform protest	18