Chapter 10 Review for Final Flashcards

408135176	Medieval/Middle Ages	Post-classical time of Europe; fall of Rome (476) to 15th C	0
408135177	Feudal Europe	Politically fragmented, weak, no trade, viking invasions	1
408135178	Manorialism	System of economic and political relations between landlords and serfs	2
408135179	Serf	Peasant laborers, majority of popularion	3
408876475	Three Field System	1/3 human, 1/3 animal, 1/3 field left empty, each section cycled each year	4
408135180	Vikings	Seagoing people that terrorized the coast	5
408135181	Feudal Contract	Relationship between serf and landlord	6
408135182	Catholic Church	center of intellect and culture, only integrating force, only organization	7
408135183	Venerable Bede	Scholar with 200+ books	8
408135184	Pope power	Regulates doctrines, countered by lay investiture	9
408135185	498	Frankish Chieftain Clovis converts to Christianity	10
408135186	Importance of Clovis's conversion	Solidifies Christianity, Europe would've been Islamic	11
408135187	Benedict of Nursia	First set code for monasticism, "drill sergeant of monks"	12
408135188	Anchores	Living symbol of devotion, young girl built into wall of a church	13
408135189	Carolingian family	Charles Martel, Charlemagne, Frankish family	14
408135190	Charles Martel	"Charles the Hammer", defender of Christianity, founded Carolingian reign	15
408135191	732	Battle of Tours	16
408135192	Importance of Tours	Stops Muslim invasion, protects Christianity	17
408135193	Charlemagne	"Charles the Great", Holy Roman Empire, empire split after death	18
408135194	Moors	Muslims invading Spain	19
408135195	Expansion	Growth of trade, 10th-13th C, universities	20
408135196	Vassals	Lesser lords, owe military service	21
408135197	Monarchial Feudalism	Founded by Hugh Capet and Capetian family, lords serve overlord	22
408135198	1066	William the Conquerer invades England, Battle of Hastings	23
408135199	Domesday book	Recording census for taxes in England	24
408135200	1215	King John forced to sign Magna Carta	25
408135201	Importance of Magna Carta	Power of government limited, balance of power	26
408135202	Parliament	Political bodies representing privileged people	27
408135203	Key 3 states	Church, Nobles, Urban leaders	28
408135204	Hundred Years' War	Huge conflict England vs France, new weapons, depleted each other, France 'wins'	29
408135205	Reconquest	Expulsion of Muslims by 1492	30
408135206	1095/6	Pope Urban II calls first Crusade	31
408135207	Saladin	Reclaims Jerusalem for Muslims	32
408135208	Corruption of the Church	Nepotism, simony, lay investiture, indulgences	33
408135209	Pope Gregory VII	Reformer, fought secularism/Orthodox	34
408135210	Peter Abelard	Yes and No, uses logic to prove God's existence	35
408135211	Bernard Clairvaux	faith is key, against Abelard	36
408135212	Thomas Aquinas	Faith first, faith enhances reason	37
408135213	Summa Theologica	by Thomas Aquinas, "highest works"	38
408135214	Scholasticism	Philosophical approach that combines faith and reason	39
408135215	Popular religion	Permeated everyday life: art, literature, worship	40
408135216	Gothic Architecture	Roman and Muslim influenced, rose windows, flying buttresses, cross shaped churches (never leaves Europe)	41
408135217	Vernacular language	literature written in	42
408135218	Beowulf, Song of Poland, Canturbury Tales	English, Polish, and French books	43
408135219	Troubadours	Wandering court singers/poets	44
408135220	Chivalry	Code of ethics among elites	45
408135221	10th C	beginning of economic/cultural growth	46
408135222	Fuggers and Medici	Trade/banking families	47
408135223	Haneseatic League	Cooperative agreement among cities in Germany and Scandinavia for trade	48
408135225	Role of Women	Had to work at home, less confined than East, monastic opportunities, patriarchal	49
408135226	Black Death	Bubonic plague, 1348	50
408135227	Avignon Papacy	French nobles kidnap pope, 3 Italian popes at once	51
408876476	Lay Investiture	Political figures appointing religious positions	52
408876477	Guild	Group of people in the same trade/business	53