AP US - Chap 1, New World Beginnings

305475400	Aztecs	Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. They worshipped everything around them especially the sun. Cortes conquered them in 1521.
305475401	Pueblo Indians	lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn. Their houses were multi-storied buildings made of adobe.
305490047	Joint Stock Companies	developed to gather the savings from the middle class to support finance colonies. Ex. London Company and Plymouth Company.
305490048	Renaissance	Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages.
305490049	Canadian Shield	geological shape of North America; 10 million years ago; held the northeast corner of North America in place; the first part of North America to come above sea level.
305490050	Mound Builders	Tribes of North America who built extensive mounds of dirt, especially in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys.
305490051	Spanish Armada	"Invincible" group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English "sea dogs" in the Channel; marked the beginning of English naval dominance and fall of Spanish dominance.
305490052	Black Legend	The idea developed during North American colonial times that the Spanish utterly destroyed the Indians through slavery and disease while the English did not. It is a false assertion that the Spanish were more evil towards the Native Americans than the English were.
305490053	Montezuma	Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; he assumed that the Soanush were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries.
305490054	Christopher Columbus	Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China
305490055	Herman Cortes	He was a Spanish explorer who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico.
305490056	Francisco Coronado	A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
305490057	Treaty of Tordesillas	In 1494 Spain and Portugal were disputing the lands of the new world, so the Spanish went to the Pope, and he divided the land of South America for them. Spain got the vast majority, the west, and Portugal got the east.
305490058	Mestizos	race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with the surviving Indians in Mexico.
305490059	Marco Polo	Italian explorer; spent many years in China or near it; his return to Europe in 1295 sparked a European interest in finding a quicker route to Asia.
305490060	Franciso Pizarro	New World conqueror; Spanish conqueror who crushed the Inca civilization in Peru; took gold, silver and enslaved the Incas in 1532.
305490061	Juan Ponce de Leon	Spanish Explorer; in 1513 and in 1521, he explored Florida, thinking it was an island. Looking for gold and the "fountain of youth", he failed in his search for the fountain of youth but established Florida as territory for the Spanish, before being killed by a Native American arrow.
305490062	Hernando de Soto	Spanish Conquistador; explored in 1540's from Florida west to the Mississippi with six hundred men in search of gold; discovered the Mississippi, a vital North American river.