APWH Religions, Belief Systems, and Philosophies Flashcards

370301878	Judaism	1 god started in Middle East 6000 years ago, spread thru family lines synagogue, Torah, rabbi Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Ten Commandments, no afterlife	0
370301879	Christianity	1 god, Jesus Messiah started in Middle East 2000 years ago as sect of Judaism, spread thru Med. world thru missionaries and Roman army and trade church, Bible, priest Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant teachings of Jesus, heaven	1
370301880	Islam	1 god, prophets (Muhammad, Jesus) started in Middle East 1400 years ago, spread thru Med./Arab world thru missionaries, traders, conquest mosque, Koran, imam Sunni, Shia Five Pillars of Faith, God will reward w/heaven or punish	2
370301881	Hinduism	no single founder, 6000 years ago Vedas, Upanishadas, Ramayana Brahma - supreme god caste system - reincarnation to reward/punish past behavior subservient women, sati	3
370301882	Buddhism	5th c BCE, founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India, spread along trade routes appealing bc opposed caste system and open to women women not separate from men	4
370301883	Confucianism	500 BCE, founded by Confucius Analects of Confucius deal w/morality, ethics, relationships, proper behavior by rulers built upon religious practices in China everyone has his/her place and should stay there	5
370301884	Daoism	600 BCE, founded by Lao Tzu try to find unity in nature	6
370301885	Neo-Confucianism	mixture of Confucianism, Buddhism, and some Daoism	7
370301886	Mandate of Heaven	gods appoint ruler, which kept Chinese from overthrowing them	8
370301887	Hellenism	various philosophies in Ancient Greece centered on human achievements, like Aristotle	9
370301888	absolutism	European monarchs have absolute power like Louis XIV	10
370301889	Divine Right Theory	God chose the king	11
370301890	humanism	philosophy of Italian Renaissance that glorified human achievements	12
370301891	Enlightenment	political/social philosophers set out liberal ideas like freedom of speech/press/religion, common participation in gov't led to American and French Revolutions	13
370301892	conservatism	keep the status quo dominant in Europe after French Revolutions and Age of Napoleon	14
370301893	nationalism	unifying purpose that binds people together common religion, language, heritage, history led to independence movements from empires or imperialist countries	15
370301894	Marxism	economic history of world will end w/communism where all property is shared and class struggle will end	16
370301895	fascism	extreme national leaders believe in nationalism and glorification of state over individual some were racist and used violence towards others (Nazis) Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain	17
370301896	feminism	major 20th c Western movement to secure political/economic/social rights for women	18