U.S. History - 13 Colonies

438028821	Why were the Middle Colonies known as the Bread-basket Colonies?	because they exported so much grain
438028822	Who was the governor of New Netherland?	Peter Stuyvesant
438028823	Who founded the colony of Pennsylvania?	William Penn
438028824	Quakers	One of the most despised religious groups in all of England. The Quakers were Protestant reformers. They believed that all people were equal in God's sight.
438028825	Pennsylvania Dutch	German-speaking Protestants.
438028826	patroon	owners of huge estate that received large amounts of land
438028827	proprietary colony	the king gave land to one or more people in return for a year payment.
438028828	How did New Netherland become New York?	King Charles the II gave New Netherland to his brother the Duke of York, and in his favor, renamed New Netherland to New York.
438028829	Why did New Jersey become a proprietary colony?	the Duke of York gave the land to his friends Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret. Berkley and Carteret called this land New Jersey. It is called a proprietary colony because the land was given to them by a king (in this case: the Duke of York).
438028830	Why did the Quakers settle in Pennsylvania?	in England and the New England colonies they were jailed, fined, or even killed. In Pennsylvania, William Penn accepted them so they settled there. Penn believed in religious freedom.
438028831	6. How did life in the Middle Colonies differ from life in the backcountry?	in the Middle Colonies there was very fertile ground which worked very well to plant many crops, while in the backcountry it was found to be very hard to farm. To farm in the backcountry, settlers had to clear forests to farm.
438028832	royal colony	a colony under the direct control of the English Crown
438028833	cash crop	crops that are sold for money at market
439556301	How did Penn shock his family and friends?	by joining the Quakers
439556302	Slave codes	treated enslaved Africans not as humans but as property
439556303	Racism	the belief that one race is better than the other
439556304	Who were the first colonists to speak out against slavery?	the Quakers
439556305	Who founded Georgia?	James Oglethorpe
439556306	Debtors	people who owed money they could not pay back
439556307	What was the first Southern Colony?	Virginia
439556308	Mason-Dixon Line	a boundary that not only divided Pennsylvania from Maryland, but it also divided the Middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies
439556309	Who made the Mason-Dixon Line?	Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon
439558822	Act of Toleration	provided religious freedom to all Catholics, but didn't extend to Jews.
439558823	Who founded Maryland	Lord Baltimore/Sir George Calvert
439558824	Indigo	a plant used to make a valuable blue dye
439558825	Which crop was Carolina mainly known for?	rice
439584235	What was the Bacon's Rebellion	In1676, Nathaniel Bacon organized a group of men and woman and raided the Native American villages.
439584236	Puritans	didn't want to separate entirely from the Church of England. Instead, they wanted to use simpler forms of worship.
439584237	John Winthrop	a lawyer and a Puritan who thought the new colony would set an example to the world. He was sent on an advance party of more than 1000 people.
439584238	Who was the first governor of Mass Bay Colony?	John Winthrop
439584239	General Court	consists of male church members elected representatives to an assembly.
439584240	Thomas Hooker	founded Connecticut.
439584241	The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	was written in 1639. It gave voting rights to all men who were property owners even if they weren't church members. It also limited the govts power.
439584242	Roger Williams -	believed the Puritan church in Mass had too much power. He thought that the church and state should be different. He also thought that Puritan leaders should not have the right to force people to attend religious services.
439584243	Who founded Rhode Island?	Roger Williams
439584244	Metacom	the chief of the Wampanoag Indians
439584245	Anne Hutchinson	became a symbol for religious freedom.
439584246	Religious tolerance	the willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
439584247	Sabbath	The Puritans day of rest, took it very seriously. No one was allowed to play games, or visit taverns to joke, talk, and drink. They attended church services which lasted all day.
439584248	town meeting	discussed and voted on many issues
439584697	Why did Thomas Hooker leave the colony?	because he thought that the governor had too much power.
439679788	colony	a territory under the immediate political or economic control of a nation
439679789	What are three reasons that people would colonize?	1. Economic 2. Military 3. Political
439679790	Economic	source of raw materials used as a market for finished products *sometimes both
439679791	Military	strategic locations rivalries with other colonizing nations need to "keep up" Desire for World Conquest
439679792	Political	"safety valve" for dissidents, malcontents religion
439679793	dissident	someone who politically disagrees with the govt
439679794	Who were the first colonizers in North America?	Great Britain, France, Spain, Netherlands
439679795	Who were the main colonizers?	Great Britain and France
439679796	What were the New England colonies?	Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
440283816	Christianity	Catholicism ( All Catholic Christians)
440283817	Who led the Protestant Reformation	Martin Luther in 1517
440283818	What were the two types of Christian?	Catholic and Protestant
440283819	What was the Church called in England?	The Church of England/Anglican Church/Mother Church
440283820	Who was the head of the Church of England?	the king
440283821	It was _________ to practice other religions.	forbidden
440283822	Religious Persecution	you were not able to practice your religion freely unless it was the one that the king practiced
440283823	Who first fled England in search of religious freedom?	the Pilgrims
440283824	Who left GB to set up a colony in Massachusetts Bay Colony?	the Puritans led by John Winthrop
440283825	What did the Puritans also experience?	Religious Persecution like the Pilgrims
440283826	What did the Puritans want for religion?	the wanted to do the same things as the Church of England, except they wanted worshiping to be a lot less fancy. No stained glass, organs, special clothes for priest
440283827	What three things did the Puritans experience that they wanted to change?	1. Religious Persecution 2. Thought England had fallen into "Evil Times" 3. Economic
440283828	Mercantilism	an economic theory that states that nations become wealthy by exporting more money than they import
440283829	What did it mean when the Puritans thought England had fallen into Evil Times?	society and culture had grown immoral wanted to establish a new society based on strict biblical teachings
440283830	What is a reason that the Puritans wanted to change Economically?	a fresh start in Massachusetts would give Puritans a chance for cheap land
440283831	Primogeniture	European system of inheritance that made it customary for the eldest son to inherit all of the parent's property
440283832	What did some Massachusetts Bay settlers think?	that the Puritans were too strict and the govt too powerful
440307168	What voting right requirements in Mass Bay?	part of church owned property *white man
440307169	What voting right requirements in Connecticut?	white man owned property
440307170	What voting right requirements in Rhode Island?	white man
440307171	What are the middle colonies?	Ner York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
440307172	What is the nickname for Pennsylvania?	"Penn's Woods"
440307173	How did Penn surprise his family and friends?	by joining the Quakers
440307174	What did the Quakers face?	Religious Persecution
440307175	What did the Quakers believe in?	that all people were equal
440307176	What were their beliefs seen as?	Radical and a threat to the British society
440307177	Pacifists	rejected war, peaceful
440307178	The Pacifists were _________ for defying the _______.	punished, king
442874735	Yankees	Merchants from New England dominated colonial trade.
442874736	Triangular trade	a route that had three legs that formed a triangle
442874737	Legislature	a group of people with the power to make laws
442874738	Glorious Revolution	In 1688 when the Parliament removed King James II from the throne and asked William and Mary of the Netherlands to rule.
442874739	Bill of Rights	a written list of freedoms the govt promises to protect
442874740	What did the English Bill of Rights protect?	the rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury.
442874741	In most colonies, unmarried women and widows had more ______ than married women	rights
442874742	What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?	to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.
442874743	What did the Navigation Acts encourage the colonists to do?	build their own ships
442874744	Gentry	top of society
442874745	Negro Election Day	when the Africans elected a leader for their community.
442874746	Indentured servants	signed contracts to work without wages for a period of four to seven years for anyone who would pay their ocean passage to the Americas.
442874747	What did the indentured servants receive when their term of service was up?	freedom dues
442874748	Freedom dues	a set of clothes, tools, and 50 acres of land
442874749	Gullah	a combination of English and West African language
442874750	Who arrived in the colonies and the movement spread like wildfire?	George Whitefield
442874751	Dame schools	private school run by women in their own homes
442874752	Enlightenment	because these thinkers believed in the light of human reason, the movement is known as Enlightenment
442874753	Libel	the act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person's reputation.
442874754	Who was arrested for writing libel in the paper about the governor?	John Peter Zenger