Unit 2 Colonies & Revolution

82175227	Jamestown	First permanent English settlement in America
82175228	tobacco	Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
82175229	House of Burgesses	In 1619 this became the first form of representative government in the American colonies
82175230	indentured servant	Poor laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America
82175231	triangular trade	a trade route that exchanged goods between England, the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
82175232	mercantilism	An economic system in which colonies are used as a source of natural resources and trade ONLY with the mother country
82175233	raw materials	supplies or physical resources necessary to produce a tangible good, such as cotton or timber
82175235	Mayflower Compact	A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government.
82175249	Middle Passage	the journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
82175289	Puritans	a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay; known for faith and hard work
82852408	William Penn	Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania for religious freedom
82852410	finished products	English colonies were forced to buy these only from England (also called manufactured goods)
82909334	cash crops	Easily grown and sold for a large profit; such as wheat, indigo, rice, tobacco, and cotton
82909335	port cities	places on or near a coastline that were vital to trade, such as Boston, New York and Philadelphia
82909337	joint stock company	A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit; how Jamestown was funded
82909338	plantation	A large farm worked by many laborers; cash crops were grown here
82909339	Pilgrims	Separatists who fled England because of religious persecution and landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620
82909340	Toleration Act	law that was passed in Maryland to guarantee religious freedom
82909341	Massachusetts	Colony most associated with religious intolerance
82909342	New England	Region whose economy was dominated by trade, whaling, lumber and fishing
82909343	Middle	Region were religious tolerance was most often found
82909344	Southern	Region with the warmest climate and most fertile soil for growing crops
82909347	mother country	A term used to refer to the nation from which colonists emigrated; in the U.S., this term refers to England
82909348	colony	Group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by the government of their native land.
83005328	Join or Die	Cartoon showing the colonies as a divided snake; Franklin urged unity in 1754 to help the colonies survive
83042638	French and Indian War	British defeated the French, gained "western" territories, but were in debt; began to tax the colonists
83042639	Proclamation Line of 1763	Forbade colonists to settle beyond Appalachian mtns; made colonists mad because they thought they were being oppressed
83045086	salutary neglect	Great Britain's decision to not interfere in her colony's affairs and allow them to set up their own colonial governments
83045087	Stamp Act	A law passed by British Parliament in 1765 which required all colonists to buy a stamp for certain paper they bought (documents, almanac, dice)
83070536	Stamp Act Congress	met in NYC in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act; this meeting and action was a major step to colonial unity and resistance of British authority.
83070537	boycott	an organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products
83070538	"no taxation without representation"	Motto used by colonists to protest taxing by Parliament without any representatives there
83070539	quartering	this term refers to the housing and feeding of soldiers
83070540	Intolerable Acts	a series of laws enacted by Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party (also called Coercive Acts)
83070541	Parliament	the lawmaking body of British government
83070542	Boston Tea Party	A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.
83070543	1st Continental Congress	1774 - delegates met and agreed to an economic boycott of GB; published a list of rights and grievances; petitioned King George for redress of those grievances
83070544	2nd Continental Congress	Congress of American leaders which first met in 1775, declared independence in 1776, and helped lead the United States during the Revolution
83070548	loyalist	a person who supported the British cause in the American Revolution; a Tory
83070549	patriot	A person who supported the colonists during the American Revolution
83070550	Common Sense	a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
83070552	Declaration of Independence	the document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.
83070553	natural rights	According to John Locke, these are life, liberty and property. Government's job is to protect these rights, and if these rights are NOT protected, people have the right to rebel.
83070554	social contract	the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others
83070557	George Washington	Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
83070558	Thomas Jefferson	Main author of the Declaration of Independence
83070559	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" and who also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property
83070561	King George III	King of Great Britain during the American Revolution (he)
83075866	grievance	A complaint in which one party seeks redress, that is, correction, perceived wrong from another party
83075867	Committees of Correspondence	way for the 13 colonies to communicate through letters with each other about what was goin on in their colonies
83075868	Sons of Liberty	A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest.
83075869	tyranny	oppressive government that employs cruel and unjust use of power and authority
198768538	Boston Massacre	a clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770, in which five of the colonists were killed.
199334144	Anthony Johnson	black indentured servant that finish his servitude and became wealthy land owner in Virgina in the 1600s