Ch. 22 vocabulary

135193471	Annuals	Anthophyte that lives for one year or less.
135193472	Biennials	Anthophyte that flowers only after two years of growth.
135193473	Cotyledon	Structure of seed plant embryo that scores or absorbs food for the developing embryo; may become the plant' first leaves when the plant emerges form the soil.
135193474	Dicotyledons	Class of anthophytes that have two cotyledons, reticulate leaf venation, and flower parts in multiples of four or five
135193475	Embryo	Earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals; differences and similarities among embryos can provide evidence of evolution.
135193476	Fruit	Seed-containing ripended ovary of an anthophyte flower; may be fleshy or dry.
135193477	Monocotyledons	Class of anthophytes that have one cotyledon, parallel leaf ventation, and flower parts in multiples of three.
135193478	Ovule	In seed plants, the sporophyte structure surrounding the developing female gametophyte; forms the seed after fertilization.
135193479	Perennials	Anthophyte that lives for several years.
135193480	Pollen Grain	In seed plants, structure in which the male gametophyte develops; consists of sperm cells, nutrients, and a protective outer covering.
135245424	Mosses have what anchoring structure do mosses have instead of roots?	Rhizoids
135245425	Why mosses are restricted to moist habitats	Because they have no roots and will dry out quick
135245426	First Generation in mosses	Gametophyte
135245427	Second Generation in mosses	Sporophyte
135245428	Structures absent in liverworts	Leaves, stems, and roots
135245429	Where are hornworts found	Tropical forest and along streamsides
135245430	Were ferns grow	Moist, humid habitats
135245431	Ferns leaves	Fronds and they are very delicate
135245432	Horizontals stems of ferns	Spores
135245433	Gametophyte stage of a fern	Prothallus
135245434	Species of ferns	12,000
135245435	Spruce, cedar, and pine trees are all examples of	Gymnosperms
135245436	Cone-shape support	The cone shape helps the snow slide off so that the branches do not break.
135245437	How many species of conifers	600
135245438	Cup of yew tree	Red-berry cup called aril
135245439	Birds not eating seeds	Because some seeds can be toxic
135245440	Gymnosperms that resemble a palm tree	Cycads
135245441	Group of gymnosperms that has one survivor	Ginkgo biloba-Ginkgophytes
135245442	Ginkgo biloba is from where?	China
135245443	Adaption that allowed plants to move life on land	Pollen
135245444	Four groups of gymnosperms	Cycads, Ginkgos, Gnetales, Conifers
135245445	Gymnosperms are linked to	Dinosaurs
135245446	Main plant of gymnosperms	Sporophyte
135245447	What are cones?	Gametophyte
135245448	The larger cone in pine trees	The Female
135245449	What encases the fertilized egg?	The seed
135245450	Advantages of needle leaf	Conserving water
135245451	Function of cuticle	Reduce evaporation from leaf
135245452	Angiosperms are what plants?	Flowering Plants
135245453	Where are the angiosperms seed found?	In a flower
135245454	Angiosperms must go through what process to reproduce?	Pollination
135245455	The male sex organs of angiosperms are called what?	Stamens
135245456	Where is the pollen made in angiosperms	In the anther
135245457	The female sex organs of angiosperms	The Pistil
135245458	Where is the pollen left on angiosperms	The Stigma
135245459	Cross-pollination	Carrying pollen from one plant to another
135245460	How many leaf seeds do monocots start with?	one
135245461	How many leaf seeds do dicots start with?	two
135245462	How many species of monocots	30,000
135245463	How many species of dicots	200,000
135245464	Angiosperms most survive in what environment	too cold and dry
135245465	How angiosperms got their name	Because the seeds are produced inside a fruit
135245466	Beside sporophyte embryo what is in a seed?	Food fuel supply to help them grow
135245467	Function of fruit in angiosperm	Moves seeds away from parents
135245468	Two types of fruits that are designed to travel	Maple trees and Dandelions
135245469	Type of fruit that is made to float across water	Coconuts
135245470	Type of ruit that is made to attach to passerby	Burrs
135245471	Which direction does xylem flow?	up
135245472	Which direction does phloem flow?	down
135245473	Angiosperms root function	To hold plants and take in water and nutrients
135245474	Angiosperms stem function	For support and moving materials up and down
135245475	Site of photosynthesis in angiosperms	In the leaves
135245476	Plant controling carbon dioxide	Through the stomata
135245477	What type of cell is capable of photosynthesis?	Herbaceous (green)
135245478	What type of stem is present in trees?	Woody stems
135245479	Male and female gametophytes in angiosperms	Male: Stamens Female: Pistils
135245480	What is the ovary converted to in angiosperms?	Fruit
135245481	Type of environmental cues plants need before germinating	Warmth, moisture, and light period shifts
135245482	Plant	Milticellular eukaryote that can produce its own food through photosynthesis
135245483	Cuticle	Stems and leaves have a waxy waterproof coat
135245484	When was the first evidence of the plant found?	500 million years ago
135245485	Psylophytes	Earliest known plant and some still exist today
135245486	Evolutionary thought that plants evolved from what?	Filmentous green algae
135245487	Root	Plant organ that absorbs water and minerals from soil
135245488	Plants use organs for what?	Food storage
135245489	Vascular Tissue	Made of tublike, elongated cells through which water, food and other materials are transported.
135245490	Vascular Plants	Plants that possess vascular tissues, allows plants to live farther away from water, grow much larger than nonvascular.
135245491	Nonvascular Plants	Have hornwarts and liverwarts
135245492	Seeds	Contains an embryo, food supply, and covered by a protective coat.
135245493	Seeds help what	Prevent embryo from drying out and helps with dispersal.
135245494	How many divisions of plants?	12
135245495	How many divisions of non seed plants?	7
135245496	Spores	Hard wall reproductive cells
135245497	Hepatophyta	Common name: Liver worts, they're flat body part resembles the lobes of an animal's liver, are nom vascular, and grow best in moist environments.
135245498	Anthocerophyta	Common name: horn worts, small plants, uses osmosis and diffusion, and the spores are formed in capsules.
135245499	Psilophyta	Common name: whisk fern, vascular plant, has thin green leafless stems, have no roots or leaves, there are 30 species.
135245500	Lycophta	Common name: club mosses, vascular plants that adapted to moist environments, have stems, roots , and leaves, formed cole.
135245501	Sphenophyta	Common name: horse tails, vascular plants, holo, jointed stem surrounded by whorls of scalelike leaves, stems have large deposits of clyica, and there are 15 species today.
135245502	Pterophyta	Common name: ferns, most well known and diverse non-seed vascular plant.
135245503	All seeds have what?	Vascular tissue
135245504	Cycadophyta	Common name: cycads, abundant during Mesozioc, there are 100 speies today, and are palm like trees with scaly trunks, produce male and femal cones (can be as 1 meter long)
135245505	Gnetophyta	Common name: Gnetophytes, Leaves grow from the base of the tree, grow in desert, and can live to be 100 years old.
135245506	Ginkgophyta	Common name: Ginkgoes, Ginkgo biloba is the only living species, fan shaped leaves, and are hardy and resistant to insects and air pollution.
135245507	Coniferophyta	Common name: Conifers, cone bearers, vascular seed plants that produce cones, no fruit, needle scaly leaves.
135245508	Anthophyta	Common name: flowering plants, largest and most diverse group of seed plants living on earth, there are 240,000 species, the two classes are Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.